Detailed Explanation of the Key Technical Points for Kyoho Grape Cultivation and Management

In the farming industry, if you want to make a profit, passion and sheer brute strength alone are not enough. It is like a war: without the right operational strategy and philosophy, no matter how much manpower and material resources you have, it will all be in vain. Cultivation and management techniques are the operational strategy and the best command on the battlefield of cultivation.

Kyoho Grape Cultivation and Management Techniques

1. Remove buds in time and prune reasonably

In the complete guide to Kyoho grape cultivation techniques, after the grapes sprout in spring, remove double buds and small buds early, and keep the strong buds. Before flowering, pinch the main shoot tips 2 to 3 times in a timely manner and remove the secondary shoots, so that more nutrients are transported to the flower organs. At the same time, thin out some flower clusters appropriately, and 3 to 5 days before flowering, pinch off 1/4 to 1/5 of the end of the flower cluster, so that nutrients can be concentrated to supply the remaining berries. In winter, adopt medium and long cane pruning, leaving about 10 to 15 new shoots per sq m of trellis surface, staggered above and below, ensuring that each cluster of grapes grows 15 to 25 leaves, and keeping the yield per mu within 2500 kg. In this way, the clusters can be compact, the berries uniform, and the ripening consistent, improving the flavor and color of the berries.

2. Strengthen fertilizer and water management to prevent premature aging of the vine

In the complete guide to Kyoho grape cultivation techniques, Kyoho grapes have strong growth vigor and relatively high requirements for fertilizer and water conditions. But irrigation should be moderate, especially stopping watering 15 to 20 days before picking. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied should be controlled, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be increased. For vineyards that have begun to bear fruit heavily, attention should be paid to increasing fertilizer application to keep the vines robust and extend the years of full fruit-bearing.

Watering: after the grapes are uncovered from the soil in spring, water once to promote bud break. Before flowering, if the soil is not too dry, try not to water. After the flowers fade, the fruit enters a period of rapid expansion, which is the period of greatest water demand, and it can be watered once every 10 days. Once the berries begin to color, stop watering to increase the soluble solids content of the fruit. Before overwintering and burying the vines in soil, irrigate once heavily to help the grapes overwinter safely.

3. Measures to increase the fruit-setting rate of Kyoho grapes

Flower and fruit drop in Kyoho grapes is a common problem in production. The main reasons are poor development of flower organs, inability to pollinate and fertilize normally, adverse climatic conditions during flowering, and nutritional imbalance within the vine. The following technical measures should be taken in production to increase the fruit-setting rate of Kyoho grapes.

Growth Characteristics of Kyoho Grapes

Regarding the water requirements of Kyoho grape growth, there are different requirements in humidity management: from the bud swelling stage to before flowering, the relative humidity should preferably be controlled at 70% to 80%; the flowering period requires relatively dry conditions, which is favorable for anther opening and pollen dispersal. If it is too dry, an abnormal phenomenon may easily occur in which the corolla does not crack and shed but dries on the pistil, affecting fruit setting.

The Origin of Kyoho Grapes

Kyoho grapes originated in Japan and are a mid-season tetraploid European-American hybrid variety. Yasushi Oinoue bred it in 1937 by crossing Ishihara Wase as the female parent and Centennial as the male parent. China introduced it in 1959, and it has been promoted and planted on a large scale throughout the country. In Pingyi and Longkou of Shandong, Weixian and Changli of Hebei, and Linghu, Chashanao and Dongyangdu in Hengyang City, Hunan Province, it buds in mid-April, flowers in late May, and the fruit ripens in late July. When cultivated in solar greenhouses, it can ripen and go on the market in early August. Weixian grapes have become the largest production area in southern Hebei.

Buhe Town in Jingzhou City, Hubei Province, is also rich in this kind of grape. The Malu area of Shanghai is also rich in grapes of this variety. In Gaizhou, Liaoning, there are Kyoho and Red Globe grapes. Among them, open-field Kyoho grapes in the Gaizhou area of Liaoning go on the market in August, and Red Globe grapes go on the market in September, mainly sold to various parts of southern China. The grapes are large, dark purple in color, sweet in taste, and resistant to transport and storage, and are deeply loved by consumers.

Precautions for Bagging Kyoho Grapes

1. Stabilize tree vigor

According to the reasons why the tree vigor is too strong or too weak, take corresponding technical measures to adjust the tree vigor so that it reaches a moderately vigorous state. For overly vigorous vines, appropriately increase the fruit load and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers; for overly weak vines, reduce the fruit load, increase organic fertilizer, and improve the soil to restore tree vigor.

2. Calcium supplementation for young fruit

The absorption of calcium by grapes mainly occurs in the young fruit stage, relying on transpiration pull to move with water into the fruit. Therefore, before bagging, it is advisable to spray quick-acting calcium 2—3 times to prevent diseases caused by calcium deficiency in grapes.

3. Standardize pesticide use

From fruit setting to before bagging, grapes are generally sprayed 2—3 times with fungicides and insecticides to prevent black pox, anthracnose, white rot, and pests such as green plant bugs. For fungicides, generally choose 10% Polyoxin 1500 times, 1.5% Polyoxin 400 times, DuPont Fuxing 5000 times, 10% Shigao water-dispersible granules 5000 times, etc.; for insecticides, choose 2.5% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000 times or Mieyouniao No. 3 2000 times, etc. Spraying should preferably be done before 9 a.m. or after 4 p.m., and the spray should be even and thorough.

4. Standardize the bagging procedure

Paper bags should preferably be wood pulp paper bags, with ventilation holes and drainage holes at the bottom; before bagging, first open the paper bag so that the ventilation holes are opened; the bagging time should preferably be after the fruit skin has become cutinized, and the bag removal time should preferably be 7—10 days before harvest. Both bagging and bag removal should preferably be done on sunny days from 9—11 a.m. and 3—6 p.m., avoiding windy and rainy weather as much as possible.

5. Topdressing and irrigation

During the growing period, topdressing chemical fertilizers and watering should preferably be done in small amounts and multiple times, and the concentration for foliar spraying should preferably be low, generally urea 0.2—0.3%, monopotassium phosphate 0.2—0.3%, and potassium sulfate 0.1—0.2%.

In addition to some conventional cultivation and management techniques for growing Kyoho grapes, doing well at certain key nodes is also a magic weapon for success. Bagging grapes is something that ordinary grape growers all need to do. Mastering the above points of attention can help everyone achieve twice the result with half the effort.