A Detailed Guide to Jackfruit Planting Techniques and Management Key Points

Jackfruit is what we commonly call "boluomi" (jackfruit). Jackfruit generally prefers to grow in places with abundant sunlight, relatively high temperatures, and plentiful rainfall, and its fruit is the heaviest fruit in the world. Its fruit has high medicinal value, and jackfruit is generally sold in supermarkets. Let's take a look at how it is planted!

Jackfruit Planting Techniques

1. Land preparation: We need to deep-plow the orchard land one month in advance. Deep-plowed orchard land is beneficial to the growth of the root system of young trees. If planting happens to coincide with rainy days, that is even better. Planting on rainy days is beneficial to survival.

2. Digging holes: The planting hole for jackfruit is 50 cm deep, with a bottom face that is a square 40 cm wide, and a horizontal face that is a square 60 cm wide. The planting hole is trapezoidal in shape, narrow at the bottom and wide at the top.

3. Applying base fertilizer: Sufficient base fertilizer should be applied at planting. We should prepare more farmyard organic fertilizer such as chicken manure, and also prepare phosphate fertilizer such as superphosphate. After digging the holes, first mix the two fertilizers together in proportion, applying 15-20 kg of organic fertilizer and 500 g of superphosphate per plant. Once mixed, first apply a layer of base fertilizer, then backfill a layer of subsoil, and mix the soil and fertilizer evenly. Next, apply a second layer of fertilizer, then backfill soil and mix evenly. When backfilling soil, build up a planting mound that is 10 cm above the ground.

4. Planting: Dig a small hole 25 cm deep on the planting mound. Another person slowly unties the seedling bag and places the seedling upright into the hole, holding the seedling straight. Immediately backfill soil to a level even with the rootstock stem, and finally press firmly with both hands to complete planting. It is best to plant 18 or 19 plants per mu. Finally, cover the planting hole with a layer of weeds.

Jackfruit Growing Conditions

Jackfruit is not particular about soil type, but sandy soil with a deep topsoil layer is best. If the soil is fertile, it grows extremely rapidly. Drainage must be good, and sunlight should be plentiful. Large trees have few fibrous roots and do not tolerate transplanting. If transplanting is needed, root pruning should be done first, and branches and leaves should be pruned before transplanting. In particular, transplanting should be avoided in autumn and winter. Spring and summer are the peak growth periods; topdressing should be applied once every 1-2 months, and water should be supplied sufficiently. Large trees are quite low-maintenance. It prefers high temperature and high humidity, with an optimum growth temperature of 22-23°C.

Jackfruit Fertilization Methods

1. Fertilizer to promote strong seedlings and robust plants. In order to promote robust plants, sufficient nutrients, and high-quality, high-yield production, fertilization should be carried out after planting according to the following frequencies and application rates per 1/15 hectare. The first application should be about 40 days after planting, broadcasting 5 kg of urea per 1/15 hectare. The second, about 60 days after planting, is a furrow application of 25 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 7.5 kg of potassium fertilizer, and a broadcast application of 8.5 kg of urea. The third, 80 days after planting, is a broadcast application of 5 kg of urea. The fourth, 90 days after planting, is a broadcast application of 10 kg of urea, a furrow application of 20 kg of compound fertilizer, and 7.5 kg of potassium fertilizer. The fifth, 110 days after planting, is a broadcast application of 5 kg of urea. The sixth, 120 days after planting, is a broadcast application of 5 kg of urea.

2. Fertilizer to increase flower buds. In order to promote a rapid turn to vigorous plant growth and robust flower bud emergence, about 10 days before bud emergence, 7 kg of urea and 22.5 kg of potassium chloride should be applied per 1/15 hectare each day.

3. Fertilizer to promote fruit and buds. In order to promote the rapid growth and enlargement of young fruit, and at the same time promote the emergence and robust growth of new buds, when half of the flowers have fallen, the first hole application is 3.5 kg of urea per 1/15 hectare; 20 days after the first fertilization, 3.5 kg of urea and 10 kg of potassium chloride should be applied in holes.

4. Fertilizer for strong buds. In order to promote fast and robust growth of the small buds and seedlings on the plant and provide high-quality seedlings for the next crop, 3.5 kg of urea per 1/15 hectare should be broadcast 10 days after fruit harvest. Fertilizing after rain gives better results.

5. Overwintering fertilizer. Before winter begins, overwintering fertilizer should be added to make the plants grow robustly and increase cold resistance.

Main Pests and Diseases of Jackfruit and Their Control Methods

1. Fruit rot. Strengthen cultivation management, prune appropriately in winter, and apply organic fertilizer. Thin flowers and fruits in a timely manner, spray pesticides to control insect pests, and handle harvested fruit gently to avoid damage; during the fruit ripening period, spray 1% Bordeaux mixture, or 50% procymidone 500-fold solution, or 58% metalaxyl-mancozeb wettable powder 800-1000-fold solution, spraying once every 7-10 days.

2. Anthracnose. Control measures should be adopted based on strengthening management with appropriately timed protective spraying. After harvest, management should be strengthened by loosening the soil, applying more organic fertilizer, and cutting off as many diseased branches, leaves, and fruits on the tree as possible; chemical protection should be carried out by spraying during the flowering and young fruit stages. Common pesticides include: 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500-600-fold solution, 40% miebingwei suspension concentrate 500-fold solution, 50% folpet wettable powder 500-fold solution, and 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600-800-fold solution.

3. Egyptian cottony cushion scale. When pest numbers are low, they can be wiped off by hand. Spray 8-15-fold rosin mixture.

Every step of planting jackfruit is very important and directly related to later propagation, so when cultivating it, we need a bit more patience. Only in this way can we ensure high-yield jackfruit later. Regularly eating jackfruit has a good auxiliary therapeutic effect for people with thrombotic diseases, and its nutritional value is very high.