Scientific Cultivation Techniques for Kiwifruit: Trellis Cultivation Methods Are Commonly Used

AbstractVarieties: Choose good varieties with large fruit shape, good quality, strong disease resistance and good productivity. Orchard establishment: Choose a leeward, sunny hillside or open space, preferably loose, well-drained, micro-acidic sandy loam with high organic matter content. Cultivation: Dig the planting holes well and apply base fertilizer; planting can be done from leaf fall in autumn to before germination in spring. Trellising: Trellis cultivation is mostly used. Management: After sprouting in summer, remove excessive side shoots. Pollination and fruit thinning: Flower and fruit thinning should be done early; leave 1 fruit per node on fruiting canes, remove side fruits, and keep the middle fruit.

Kiwifruit flesh is fragrant and delicious, rich in nutrients, and deeply loved by people. There are several varieties of kiwifruit, including yellow-fleshed, red-fleshed, and green-fleshed kiwifruit. In fact, yellow-fleshed and red-fleshed kiwifruit are the most nutritious, so their prices are also slightly higher. So how should kiwifruit be planted?

Scientific Cultivation Techniques for Kiwifruit

1. Choose varieties. Good varieties with large fruit shape, good quality, strong disease resistance and good productivity should be selected, such as Hayward, Allison, Bruno, etc.

2. Choose and establish the orchard site. Kiwifruit likes cool and humid environments, fears drought, waterlogging and wind, is cold-tolerant, but is not tolerant of late frost in early spring. Therefore, mountain kiwifruit orchards should be chosen on leeward, sunny hillsides or open spaces, and the soil should preferably be loose, well-drained, micro-acidic sandy loam with high organic matter content and a pH value of 5.5 to 6.5.

3. Cultivation methods. Before planting, dig the planting holes first, with a hole diameter of 1 m and a depth of 40 to 50 cm, and apply 40 to 60 kg of compost, 20 g of phosphate fertilizer and 400 g of silicon-calcium-phosphate fertilizer per hole. Planting can be done from leaf fall in autumn to before germination in spring, but it is best in late October in autumn and late February in spring before the shoot bleeding period. The spacing between plants and rows is 4.6 m × 6.0 m. To increase early yield, planting can be done at twice the density and then thinned after the plants mature; 20% pollinating male plants should also be mixed in.

4. Trellising. Trellis cultivation is generally used, including trellis fence type, arched tunnel type and fence type, with the horizontal trellis being the most suitable.

5. Summer management. After sprouting in summer, excessive side shoots should be removed. Starting in June, new shoots should be tied frequently so that they evenly cover the trellis surface. Fruiting canes should retain 10 to 15 nodes, vegetative canes should retain 15 to 20 nodes, and all the rest should be removed.

6. Artificial pollination and fruit thinning. First dilute the pollen of male flowers 10 times with lycopodium powder, then pollinate with a cotton swab. In addition, male flowering shoots can be grafted high onto female branches, or insects can be allowed to spread pollen. Flower and fruit thinning should be done early, and the standard is: leave 1 fruit per node on fruiting canes, remove side fruits, and keep the middle fruit. The leaf-to-fruit ratio can also be used as a standard, that is, leave 1 fruit for every 4 to 5 leaves. Generally, weak fruiting canes 20 cm long retain 1 to 2 fruits, fruiting canes 20 to 60 cm long retain 3 to 4 fruits, and fruiting canes over 60 cm retain 5 to 6 fruits, with 20,000 fruits retained per 1.5 mu.

Notes on Collecting Pollen

1. The best time to collect flowers is 9:00-11:00 in the morning and 17:00-19:00 in the afternoon on clear days. Do not pick wet flowers or flowers with heavy dew on rainy days or when it is raining.

2. The flowers collected should be male kiwifruit flowers. The collected flowers must not contain impurities such as female flowers, flower stalks, sand and stones, branches, and leaves.

3. If the main flowers have reached the harvest standard, when picking the main flowers, please note not to pick the buds of the secondary flowers; after the secondary flowers mature, they can also produce pollen.

4. After the flowers are collected, do not pile them up. In the shortest possible time, store them in small batches in breathable bags or cardboard trays, keep them out of sunlight, and store them in a cool, dry place.

Environmental Requirements for Kiwifruit Cultivation

1. Water: Water is the most basic component of kiwifruit. All kinds of life activities must involve water. Insufficient or excessive water will affect the growth and development of kiwifruit. The root system of kiwifruit is shallow and not drought-tolerant, so during the growing season, when there is high temperature and drought, timely and reasonable irrigation should be carried out to supplement enough water and lower the tree body temperature. Kiwifruit can grow and develop well in an environment with about 1000 mm of rainfall and relative air humidity of 70%-80%.

2. Soil: Soil is the foundation for the growth and development of kiwifruit. The nutrients and water it needs are mainly obtained from the soil. The various physical and chemical properties of the soil directly affect its growth and development. Kiwifruit likes sandy soil with deep soil layers, fertility, looseness, good water retention and drainage, and high humus content. Therefore, during cultivation, attention should be paid to selecting and improving the soil. Kiwifruit also has certain requirements for soil acidity and alkalinity. Kiwifruit can grow normally in soil with a pH of 5.5-6.5. In alkaline soil with a pH above 7.5, iron deficiency chlorosis appears, so measures must be taken in time to improve the conditions needed by kiwifruit, so as to achieve good growth and fruiting results.

3. Temperature: Temperature is one of the important factors affecting the growth and development of kiwifruit. It can grow normally in areas with an annual average temperature above 11°C. The sprouting of kiwifruit is very sensitive to temperature requirements. Its average temperature requirement for sprouting is relatively stable, and its biological zero point is 8°C. If the daily average temperature is higher than 8°C, it begins to sprout and grow; if the daily average temperature is lower than 8°C, its growth will be affected. Long periods of clear, hot and dry weather in summer will also affect the growth and development of kiwifruit, causing leaf drop, fruit drop or shoot dieback.

4. Light: The light requirements of kiwifruit vary with age. During the seedling stage it likes shade, while adult plants like light. Under good sunlight conditions, the tree is vigorous and flowers and fruits. Affecting yield and quality, the sunshine hours in the natural distribution areas of kiwifruit are mostly between 300-2600 hours, which generally meets its light requirements for growth and development.

Benefits of Kiwifruit

1. Preventing depression: Scientists have found through research that kiwifruit can effectively regulate hormone and nerve conduction effects within cells, and can effectively help patients with depression stabilize their emotions and calm their mood. In addition, the natural inositol contained in kiwifruit can help our brain activity, further promoting this effect of stabilizing emotions with basic support.

2. Preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases: One third of the fiber contained in kiwifruit is pectin, especially in the part where the skin contacts the flesh. Pectin can lower blood cholesterol concentration and prevent cardiovascular diseases.

3. Preventing cancer: Kiwifruit contains a substance called anti-mutagenic glutathione, which helps inhibit cancer-inducing gene mutations and has a certain inhibitory effect on cancer cell lesions such as liver cancer, lung cancer, skin cancer, and prostate cancer.

4. Beauty and skin care: Kiwifruit is rich in vitamin C and has antioxidant functions, playing a positive role in eliminating human wrinkles and fine lines. In addition, kiwifruit is rich in vitamins and dietary fiber, but low in fat, and has certain benefits for weight loss, fitness, and beauty.

5. Detoxification and intestinal cleansing: Kiwifruit also contains very rich dietary fiber. These dietary fibers not only have the effect of lowering cholesterol and promoting heart health, but also help digestion, eliminate toxins, prevent constipation, and effectively remove and prevent harmful metabolites accumulated in the body.

As mentioned above, if you want to grow kiwifruit, you must first master kiwifruit's environmental requirements and variety selection, and learn more about early care and later management. Do not plant blindly. Kiwifruit contains large amounts of vitamins, protein, and amino acids, and is suitable for men, women, the young and the old. It has broad prospects and is a good project in the planting industry.