Detailed Explanation of the Key Points of Scientific Plum Tree Cultivation Techniques

When it comes to plum trees, I believe many people have often seen them and are very familiar with them, because plum trees are widely distributed in China and are cultivated in many provinces. So do you know the correct cultivation techniques for plum trees? Below, the editor will explain the cultivation techniques of plum trees in detail!

Scientific Cultivation Techniques for Plum Trees

Planting density and method: Because the self-pollination fruit-setting rate of plums is low, pollinator trees must be considered when planting. The planting row spacing varies according to terrain, soil, and variety, generally 3—4 m x 5—6 m. Planting time and method:

1. Planting time: Autumn planting in the north is prone to freezing damage and shoot shriveling, so spring planting is generally used.

2. Planting method: The planting hole is generally about 1 m in diameter and 0.8—1 m deep. When digging the planting hole, the topsoil and subsoil must be piled separately on both sides of the hole for later use. When planting, place the plum sapling vertically in the center of the hole, spread all the roots out, then fill in soil while lifting the trunk so that there are no gaps between the root system and the soil and they are tightly combined. When backfilling, first fill in 20 cm of topsoil, then mix the subsoil with fertilizer and fill it into the hole for 40—60 cm, tamping while filling, and the top 40 cm should be completely backfilled with topsoil. After backfilling, the soil surface around the planting hole should be about 20 cm higher, and the young seedling should be watered thoroughly immediately after planting.

Fertilizer and Water Management for Plum Trees

1. Fertilization

Base fertilizer: Base fertilizer is the basic fertilizer that can supply plum trees with various nutrients over a relatively long period. It is generally mainly slow-release farmyard manure, such as compost, barnyard manure, crop straw, green manure, fallen leaves, etc. Base fertilizer is best applied in autumn. For adult plum trees, apply 50—100 kg of farmyard manure per tree.

Topdressing: Topdressing before flowering. About 10 days before plum trees sprout (early April), apply 0.5—1 kg of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer or 25 kg of decomposed human manure per tree. Topdressing after flowering. Quick-acting nitrogen and potassium fertilizer should be applied in time to reduce physiological fruit drop. From late May to mid-June, apply 0.5 kg per tree. Topdressing during fruit enlargement and flower bud differentiation. From after physiological fruit drop until the fruit enters the rapid enlargement period (late June to mid-August), apply quick-acting nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer, 0.5-1 kg per tree. Topdressing in the later stage of fruit growth: apply fertilizer from the beginning of fruit coloring to the harvest period. This time, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are mainly used, and quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is best applied as a foliar spray at a concentration of 0.2—0.3%, combined with pesticide spraying.

2. Irrigation

Plum trees need a certain amount of water at each phenological stage throughout the year. Irrigation should be carried out before sprouting, during the young fruit enlargement period, and during the new shoot growth period. Before winter, one irrigation of freezing water is needed. In addition, plum trees are afraid of waterlogging, so plum orchards should be equipped with drainage systems to avoid waterlogging damage.

Summer Pruning Techniques for Plum Trees

Summer pruning refers to pruning during the growing season, generally carried out from mid-June to early July. The following methods can be used.

1. Pinching. Remove the growing point of the branch during the growth period. The specific time should be determined according to the variety, cultivation conditions, and purpose.

2. Twisting shoots. Twist and injure the tip of the new shoot, but do not break it. Generally, vigorous water sprouts with utilization value can be treated with this method to inhibit growth. Twisting shoots should be carried out when the new shoot has grown long enough, and the injured part should be at the semi-lignified area.

3. Girdling. Carry out when the new shoot is close to stopping growth. Perform ring-barking on the trunk or large branches of vigorous trees. The bark removal width should be about 1/10 of the diameter of the branch being peeled. The flower-promoting effect is obvious.

4. Branch bending. Hold the middle and lower part of the branch with your hand and repeatedly pinch and grip it so that the branch tissue is damaged and grows horizontally or obliquely.

The application of each summer pruning measure must grasp the correct time and target (young trees or non-fruiting vigorous trees). During summer pruning, remove water sprouts, suckers, and dead branches.

Pest and Disease Control Methods

1. Deeply plow the orchard in winter to bury the larvae of the pear fruit borer deep in the soil. During the flower bud stage of plum trees, use 20% Mieshabing 4000-fold solution under the tree canopy on the soil surface to kill emerging adult pear fruit borers;

2. After flower drop, spray 50% fenitrothion emulsion 1000-fold solution to control peach weevils and oriental fruit moths;

3. In late May, when white peach scale insects are found dispersing and migrating, spray 80% dichlorvos emulsion 1000-fold solution, which also controls aphids.

4. From June to July, capture adult red-necked longhorn beetles at noon, and inspect the trunk to hook and kill red-necked longhorn beetle larvae.

5. Harvesting: For fruit intended for processing, the suitable harvest period is when it is 80% ripe; for fresh eating, the suitable harvest period is when it is 90% ripe; and harvesting can be done in stages to extend

6. The fresh fruit supply period. When harvesting fruit, avoid all mechanical damage.

From the above content, I believe everyone has a deeper understanding of growing plum trees! The plum tree is also a very easy fruit tree to grow, with stronger vitality, easier growth, and stronger adaptability than ordinary fruit trees, so pear trees can be seen in many places across the country.