Planting time and methods for facing heaven chili: sow in mid-March, fertilize actively to ensure yield

SummaryTime: around mid-March each year, choose a sunny and windless day, sow in the morning; in North China it is best to sow around Guyu (Grain Rain). Methods: choose loose, well-aerated sandy loam or clay loam, with a pH value preferably between 6.5-8, apply 3-5 cubic meters of farmyard manure per mu. For convenient drainage and irrigation, high-ridge cultivation should be adopted. Before planting, water the seedbed thoroughly once to promote new root growth. In the later stage, quick-acting chemical fertilizer can be applied. After each harvest, water once every other week.

Facing heaven chili is a variety that likes warmth and cannot tolerate waterlogging. In recent years, market demand for facing heaven chili has been growing higher and higher, and the amount consumed each year keeps increasing, so many people want to try growing it. Then the first step is to understand the planting techniques and timing.

Planting time and methods for facing heaven chili

Time: generally around mid-March each year, choose consecutive sunny and windless days, and sow in the morning. In North China, generally choose spring direct sowing, that is, sowing around Guyu (Grain Rain), and choose warm sunny weather for sowing. The row spacing is about 40cm, and the sowing depth is about 2cm. The sowing depth should be consistent, and the seeds should be evenly distributed. Cover with soil above the sowing furrow, and pay attention to preserving soil moisture.

Methods:

Facing heaven chili likes moisture and fears waterlogging, so try to choose loam, sandy loam or clay loam that retains fertilizer and is loose and well-aerated. The soil pH value is better between 6.5-8. Generally, about 3-5 cubic meters of fully decomposed high-quality farmyard manure can be applied per mu, or about 50-80 kg of compound fertilizer with the three elements nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (each containing 16%), which can be appropriately increased or decreased according to soil fertility.

In the later stage, for the convenience of drainage and irrigation, high-ridge cultivation should be adopted. The ridge width is 0.6-1m (generally about 223 plants can be planted), the ditch width between ridges is 0.2m, and the vertical height of the ridge is 0.2 m, so that when rain is heavy, water can be drained in time, and when it is dry, only the ditch needs to be watered, which can keep the ridge surface loose and breathable, benefiting seedling growth and development. For ventilation and light transmission, the ridges should run north-south.

Before planting, water the seedbed thoroughly once to promote new root growth in the seedlings and facilitate later lifting of the seedlings. The lifted seedlings should be lifted, planted and watered with settling water as they go. In order to promote early and rapid growth of the seedlings, appropriate quick-acting chemical fertilizer can be added to the settling water, using about 8 jin of urea and about 4 jin of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu, dissolved in 1500 kg of water.

Fertilization techniques for facing heaven chili

1. In the middle and late growth stages of facing heaven chili, the plants bear many fruits and require a large amount of fertilizer. For plots with good soil fertility and sufficient base fertilizer, 10 kg of water-soluble fertilizer (nitrogen : phosphorus : potassium = 2 : 1 : 2) or 10 kg of urea plus 7.5 kg of potassium sulfate can be applied with irrigation per mu. For plots where no organic fertilizer was applied as base fertilizer, topdressing is insufficient, and there are signs of premature aging, after each harvest, apply 10 kg of water-soluble fertilizer (nitrogen : phosphorus : potassium = 2 : 1 : 2) or 10 kg of urea plus 7.5 kg of potassium sulfate with irrigation per mu, for 2-3 consecutive applications.

2. During the full fruit stage and after each harvest, spray a 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or a 1% superphosphate extract or a 1-2% potassium nitrate solution, once every 7-10 days, for a total of 2-3 sprays, which can increase single fruit weight, make the fruit color brighter, and improve the grade of facing heaven chili.

Irrigation techniques for facing heaven chili

For chili fields mainly harvested for fresh facing heaven chili, after each harvest, water appropriately according to soil moisture, generally once every 7-10 days. For plots mainly harvested for dried chili, properly control water in the later stage, generally stopping watering 15-20 days before harvest. Facing heaven chili is not drought-tolerant and even more afraid of waterlogging. If there is less rain, watering should be done in small amounts and multiple times. If there is standing water, it should be drained in time, otherwise it will cause large areas of leaf drop and death.

Pest control for facing heaven chili

1. Anthracnose

Symptoms: generally occurs easily in hot and rainy seasons, mainly harming the fruit. Initially, water-soaked yellow-brown spots appear, with brown edges and a gray-brown center. On the spot surface there are raised concentric rings, often formed by many small dots. The small dots are sometimes black and sometimes orange-red. When humid, the surface of the diseased spots exudes red sticky matter. The internal tissue of the affected fruit is semi-soft rot and tends to shrink, causing the diseased area to become membranous, and some rupture. If not actively controlled, it will seriously affect yield and quality.

Control methods: generally use agricultural measures such as selecting disease-resistant varieties, rational close planting, and crop rotation. Chemical control can also be used: that is, in the early stage of disease onset, spray 70% Aimu water-dispersible granules or 70% Chunpin Jiatuo wettable powder. In areas with severe disease and high resistance, it is recommended to use 30% Xiancui suspension concentrate at 3000 times dilution, once every 7-10 days, for 2-3 consecutive sprays.

2. Viral disease

Symptoms: viral disease of facing heaven chili is one of the more serious diseases in areas such as Hebei and Henan in recent years. The main symptoms are mosaic yellowing, necrosis, malformation, etc., causing a large number of flower and fruit drops, and seriously affecting the yield and quality of chili in the later stage.

Control methods:

1. Thoroughly control pests such as tea yellow mites and aphids, and the transmission routes must be cut off.

2. In hot and dry seasons, water in time, and try to create favorable conditions suitable for robust growth of chili.

3. Chemical control: spray 7.5% Duao aqueous solution at 800 times dilution or 50% Guangmei wettable powder at 1000-1500 times dilution or 0.5% Shangge Shenhaisu at 600-800 times dilution, once every 8-10 days, for 3-4 consecutive sprays.

Generally, facing heaven chili begins to be planted in early spring each year. At this time, the weather is gradually warming up, and the survival rate of planting will also increase. It is the best time of the year. After planting, appropriate fertilization and irrigation are also needed to ensure sufficient nutrients. In the later stage, the amount of fertilization should also be increased, and pest control should be done well. Only in this way will the yield of facing heaven chili be high.