A Complete Analysis of Key Broccoli Cultivation Techniques
Broccoli is one of the most common vegetables. Although common, its nutritional value is extremely rich. It not only beautifies and nourishes the skin, but also has certain efficacy in fighting and preventing cancer, ranking first among vegetables of its kind. So how should broccoli be cultivated and planted? Below, the editor will take everyone to learn about it!
Broccoli Cultivation Techniques
1. Plot Selection
Choose a plot with loose, fertile soil and convenient irrigation and drainage for cultivation. If cultivating in a greenhouse in early spring, the greenhouse needs to be covered for heat preservation two weeks in advance.
2. Apply Sufficient Base Fertilizer
Before planting, spread 2 tons of fully decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, 30-40 kg of compound fertilizer, plus 2 jin of boron fertilizer, and fully rotary till to a depth of 20 cm.
3. Planting Requirements
When transplanting, make small raised ridges about 80 cm wide with 30 cm furrows, two rows per ridge, with a planting spacing of 40-50 cm and about 2300-2700 plants per mu. Try to use mechanical transplanting when transplanting. The basket-type transplanter currently promoted in Beijing can adjust plant and row spacing according to user needs, and integrates ridging, film mulching, drip irrigation installation, watering, topdressing, and seedling planting into one. Each machine is operated by 4 workers: 1 driver, 2 seedling feeders, and 1 following the machine to check planting quality. It can plant 3 mu per hour, greatly improving work efficiency and reducing labor intensity.
Broccoli Sowing Time
Broccoli is usually sown in autumn, grows in winter, and normally goes on the market and reaches the table after the Spring Festival. It begins to flower in spring, and the seeds mature in April or May. For summer and autumn seedling cultivation, seedlings are raised during the high-temperature season from August to October. At this time, the temperature is generally above 25°C, sometimes with high temperatures of 30-35°C, along with rainstorms and hail damage, so shade nets are used for open-field seedling cultivation. The seedling age is generally 35-40 days. Sowing or direct hole sowing can be used. The average seedling period is about 30 days, and from planting to harvest is 80-90 days. It has somewhat strong winter habit; when the seedling stem is 10 mm thick, it can be affected by low temperature and complete the vernalization process.
Field Management
1. Water Management
After transplanting, be sure to water well to help the seedlings recover. Water according to weather conditions. Within two weeks after planting, keep the soil alternately dry and wet to promote root development. After two weeks, keep the field moist and use water to regulate fertilizer. In the early rosette stage, sufficient water is required to meet the needs of rapid plant growth and development. After the plant forms a rosette, appropriately control watering to promote root development. During the curd formation stage, the field soil should be kept moist. During the curd enlargement stage, a sufficient water supply is needed. During the peak harvest period, watering should be moderate to prevent excessive humidity from causing diseases and curd rot.
2. Fertilizer Management
After the plants recover from transplanting (about 2 weeks after planting), apply a seedling-promoting fertilizer, using 40 jin of ammonium bicarbonate or 20 jin of urea per mu, applied in holes followed by watering. When the plants enter the rapid growth stage, apply 1-2 topdressings of urea, 25-30 jin per mu, to ensure the plants have sufficient leaf area. After the plants bud, in order to promote the transformation from vegetative growth to reproductive growth and favor curd formation, control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and apply phosphorus, potassium, boron, and calcium fertilizers. During the curd formation stage, apply heavy fertilizer once or twice, with 15-20 jin of compound fertilizer or urea per mu and 15-20 jin of potassium sulfate. To prevent yellowing on the curd surface and hollow flower stems, spray the leaves with 0.5% borax and 0.5% dj ammonium molybdate solution together with pesticide application, once every week for 2-3 consecutive times. For some varieties, after harvesting during the peak harvest period, apply 30 jin of compound fertilizer per mu to promote the growth of side curds, so as to harvest side curds and increase economic benefits.
3. Field Management
Covering with black plastic film for spring planting can better prevent weed growth. After transplanting, properly close the ears and earth up to promote root growth. For autumn planting, because the weather is hotter, plastic film mulching is generally not used. One week after planting, hoe weeds once manually or by machine, eliminating weeds while increasing soil permeability. Afterward, carry out intertillage and weeding 2-3 times depending on the weed situation.
Pest and Disease Control
The main insect pests of broccoli include cabbage caterpillars, aphids, diamondback moths, etc. After the seedlings recover, using BT 1000 times solution + organic silicon 5000 times can achieve good control. In the early stage of pest occurrence, use beta-cypermethrin 1000 times, imidacloprid 1500 times, emamectin benzoate 100 times, chlorbenzuron 1500 times, etc. in combination 2-3 times, adding organic silicon as an adhesive to increase efficacy. Diseases mainly include downy mildew, soft rot, sclerotinia rot, etc., which can be controlled by using 64% 800 times, agricultural streptomycin 3000 times, 1000 times, chlorothalonil 800 times, etc. mixed or used alternately.
The above is the broccoli cultivation method summarized by the editor. We hope it is helpful to everyone. Broccoli is nutritious and delicious. It can not only be stir-fried but also served as a cold dish. It is suitable for men, women, the young, and the old. Growing broccoli has broad prospects and may even lead you toward the road to wealth!