Detailed Explanation of Home Mushroom Cultivation Methods and Growth Process

Although there are more and more types of mushrooms on the market, the mushrooms grown on a large scale artificially for sale on the market are naturally inferior in quality to wild mushrooms, and wild mushrooms are relatively difficult to pick, so friends who are interested may as well grow delicious mushrooms at home.

How to grow mushrooms at home

1. After receiving the mushroom spawn bag, prepare a somewhat large plastic bucket or cardboard box, pour a small cup of water into it, tear off the newspaper at the sealed opening of the spawn bag, and then place the spawn bag inside the plastic bucket.

2. Cover the bucket with a sheet of newspaper, moisten the newspaper with a spray bottle, once each morning and evening. When watering, pay attention: just moisten the newspaper, and try to avoid watering so much that it drips onto the surface of the substrate. If too much water is applied, please pick up the newspaper and shake off the excess water. When watering each day, move the newspaper a little. First, it lets the bag below breathe, and second, you can check whether mushroom buds have grown out. If mushroom buds appear, you can appropriately increase the number of sprays, but still be careful that the amount of water cannot be large. It is best not to let it splash onto the substrate surface and cause standing water there. If you find standing water on the substrate surface, promptly take out the bag and pour off the excess water.

3. Mushroom fruiting management: after about a week, you can see that mushrooms have begun to fruit. Of course, the time of fruiting is related to management. With good management, fruiting begins 5-7 days after the mycelium has fully grown. If the air is relatively dry and management is not very good, it may take about 20 days before fruiting begins. These are all normal.

4. After fruiting begins, manage them diligently every day, and be sure to observe more, because once mushrooms have grown out, they grow very quickly, and basically in three to five days they become overmature.

5. Harvesting mushrooms: after picking, the next stage of management begins. When picking mushrooms, do not pick them one by one; you should break off a whole cluster. After breaking it off, use a clean small knife or a wooden stick to clean away the remaining stipes and dead mushrooms so that the fruiting opening exposes fresh growing substrate.

Prevention and control of mushroom mite disease

It is very normal for mushrooms to be harmed by mushroom mites. Mites carried by the spawn are the main cause of major outbreaks of Siteroptes reniformis. Generally, mushroom spawn is sown in early September. Siteroptes reniformis enters the mushroom bed along with the sown spawn. During the about 20-day spawn-running stage, this mite grows and develops in the mushroom substrate and reproduces in large numbers. Because the mite body is small, it is not easy to find. After casing soil is applied and water is sprayed, under temperature conditions of 22-24 degrees C, this mite reproduces very quickly and its numbers continuously increase. Because it feeds heavily on mycelium, the mycelium breaks and decreases, and fruiting bodies cannot form. In the early stage of occurrence, this mite shows a core distribution in the mushroom bed, then spreads as it drifts with air flow, and soon spreads throughout the entire mushroom house. The surface of the casing soil is covered with mites, causing a large reduction in the autumn mushroom yield, and in severe cases, total crop failure.

Control methods:

(1) Strictly inspect the spawn before sowing. Any spawn with scattered green mold in the spawn bottle or traces of broken mycelium must not be used.

(2) When stacking and composting the substrate, the pre-fermentation should make the temperature at the center of the pile reach about 75 degrees C. The second fermentation should be done according to requirements.

(3) Promptly handle waste material from the mushroom house, and strictly disinfect the mushroom house.

(4) Once mites are found in the mushroom house, spraying water must be stopped, the temperature of the mushroom house should be lowered as much as possible, and a 0.1% concentration solution of acaricide should be sprayed at 20 grams per square meter. Normal management can resume only after the temperature of the mushroom house is below 15 degrees C.

Prevention of early veil opening in mushrooms

Preventive measures: scientific management. Appropriate ventilation and water spraying; during sudden weather changes, strengthen management and maintain suitable temperature and humidity in the mushroom house; the fruiting temperature should be maintained at 12-16 degrees C, and excessively dense mushroom buds should be appropriately removed.

Methods for making pollution-free mushroom fertilizer

1. Soymilk fertilizer: take 500-1000 grams of soybeans, soak them in water, then grind them into slurry, filter out impurities, add 50 kg of clear water, stir evenly, and spray. This can make mushrooms white and tender and the mushroom bodies thick and strong.

2. Salt water fertilizer: take 150-250 grams of table salt, dissolve it in 50 kg of clear water, and spray. This can make the mushrooms pure white in color and thick and strong in body.

3. Chicken manure fertilizer: take 5 kg of chicken manure, add 20 kg of water, boil and take the liquid, then add 100 kg of water, and spray 0.5 kg per square meter.

4. Spinach juice fertilizer: wash fresh spinach, add a little clear water, mash it, filter the juice through 3 layers of gauze, then dilute it 500 times, and begin spraying half a month after sowing the spawn, 15 milliliters per square meter. This can promote fruiting body differentiation.

5. Pine needle juice fertilizer: take 1 kg of fresh pine needles, add water and boil for 20 minutes, remove the residue and take the liquid, then add clear water up to 15 kg and spray.

In order to ensure that mushrooms are green and natural, while also ensuring the nutrients needed for normal mushroom growth, we can adopt methods that simulate reality and use some purely natural green fertilizers, letting mushrooms live as if in nature. In addition, for home-grown mushrooms, the prevention and control of pests and diseases also cannot be ignored.