What are the cultivation techniques and precautions for passion fruit?
Passion fruit is what we often call “baixiangguo” (passion fruit), a very common fruit in daily life. Passion fruit has high edible value and a rich flavor, so it is very popular among consumers on the market. Nowadays, many people want to grow it, but before planting, everyone is probably more concerned about its cultivation techniques.
How to plant passion fruit
To plant passion fruit, the planting strip must be wide, the holes large, the topsoil sufficient, the root circle large, and the trellis height and density reasonable. The planting strip should be more than 1.1 m wide, sloping inward 5 to 8 degrees, with the inner wall inclined more than 70 degrees; the planting strip and inner wall should be smooth and neat, and a small ridge of 20 cm × 30 cm should be built along the outer edge of the planting strip; the planting spacing should be 3 m × 4 m, with the hole opening 60 cm wide and the bottom opening 40 cm wide and 40 cm deep; the topsoil should be fertile and sufficient, to facilitate backfilling into the holes and building the root circle; the root circle soil should be 20 cm high and more than 70 cm in diameter; the height of the climbing trellis should be 2.2 m on windward slopes and 2.5 m on leeward slopes.
Passion fruit cultivation techniques and precautions
1. Cultivation techniques:
1. Orchard soil improvement: For relatively concentrated orchards, convert sloping land into contour terraces, with terrace beds more than 2 m wide, and plan the orchard drainage, irrigation, and road systems at the same time.
2. Digging planting holes: 50 cm deep and 60 cm wide; apply 30-50 jin of weeds or organic fertilizer deeply in each hole, then backfill with soil for later use.
3. Fruit seedling planting: Planting can be done in spring, summer, and autumn, with spring and autumn being better. The vertical fence type is mainly used; courtyard cultivation can use the trellis type. For block planting, the row spacing is 3 × 2 m. Plant 111 plants per mu.
4. Planting techniques: When planting seedlings, appropriately prune old leaves, and the nutrient bag must be torn open and removed; it must not be buried in the soil. When setting the seedlings, mix an appropriate amount of decomposed organic fertilizer with sandy loam soil to use as planting soil or covering soil. When planting, straighten the root system, fill soil in layers, and tread firmly and compactly. Water the roots promptly after planting. For newly dug planting holes, the seedling root crown should be slightly 8-10 cm above the ground surface when planting. After planting, form a tree disk and cover it with a small piece of film of 50 × 50 cm.
5. Planting posts and building trellises: Mainly use cement posts plus iron wire or aluminum wire; wooden stakes or bamboo poles can also be used. The spacing between cement posts is 4 m, aligned with the direction of the passion fruit plant rows, using 56 posts per mu. The cement posts are 220 cm long, planted 40-50 cm deep into the ground, with 180 cm above ground, and lead wire or iron wire is stretched in two layers, with the first layer at a height of 100 cm.
2. Precautions:
When planting seedlings, appropriately prune old leaves, and the nutrient bag must be torn open and removed; it must not be buried in the soil. When setting the seedlings, mix an appropriate amount of decomposed organic fertilizer with sandy loam soil to use as planting soil or covering soil. When planting, straighten the root system, fill soil in layers, and tread firmly and compactly. Water the roots promptly after planting. For newly dug planting holes, the seedling root crown should be slightly 8-10 cm above the ground surface when planting. After planting, form a tree disk and cover it with a small piece of film of 50 × 50 cm.
How to fertilize and water passion fruit
1. Fertilization: After the passion fruit plants survive until they climb the trellis, fertilize by frequently applying lightly decomposed human manure and urine water. For plants that have entered the fruiting stage, apply pre-flowering fertilizer well, applying 0.3 kg of urea and 1 kg of decomposed pig manure per plant; during the fruit enlargement stage, apply 0.5 kg of decomposed cake fertilizer, 0.5 kg of superphosphate, and 20 kg of rotted livestock manure and urine water per plant; after fruit harvesting, apply 60 kg of barnyard manure per plant, digging a ring ditch 35 cm from the plant base, applying it in, and covering with soil.
2. Watering: Passion fruit likes moisture and is not tolerant of waterlogging. Therefore, during drought, water once every week; during the rainy season when waterlogging occurs, drain promptly, so as to facilitate plant growth, development, flowering, and fruiting.
How to control diseases and pests of passion fruit
1. Root rot. Control method: Spray with 70% thiophanate-methyl 800-1000 times solution.
2. Anthracnose. Control method: Use 50% carbendazim 500 times or 40% miebingwei suspension 400 times for control.
3. Termites. Control method: Scatter termite medicine around the roots. After planting in the orchard, place 1 to 2 mothballs about 1 chi from the main trunk of each tree to drive away termites.
4. Coffee wood borer. Control method: Check routinely; when insect frass is found at the borer entrance and below it, promptly inject 100 times dichlorvos or omethoate with a syringe and then seal the borer entrance with cotton and sticky yellow mud to kill the pest.
When planting passion fruit, the work of restriction must be done well, and then the release time should be chosen for planting. After planting, maintenance must be strengthened; fertilizer and water management, pruning, and disease and pest prevention are all crucial. Only by doing these well can the growth of passion fruit be ensured.