How to Grow Crystal Grapes? A Full Analysis of Planting Techniques and Precautions
Crystal grape is a type of grape, and it can now be seen in many parts of our country. Crystal grapes are small in appearance and pale greenish-blue; seen from a distance, they look like translucent little crystals, which is how they got their name. Many people want to grow crystal grapes now, but before planting, what everyone most wants to know is surely its planting technique!
How to Grow Crystal Grapes
1. First, dig the planting trench properly. Along the planting row, dig it 60 cm wide and 60 cm deep. At the bottom of the trench, place a layer of weeds and straw, then add 5000 kg of farmyard manure mixed evenly with topsoil, then apply 100 kg of superphosphate, and finally backfill all the soil, build a ridge, and irrigate. After the soil becomes loose, level the bed surface and conserve soil moisture in preparation for planting. Set up a post at regular intervals, pull wire along them into lines to form a fence, called a trellis.
2. Next, set up the posts properly. The height of the posts depends on the row spacing. If the row spacing is 1.7 m, the total length of the post is 2.2 m, buried 0.5 m in the soil, with 1.7 m above ground; if the row spacing is 1.5 m, then the total length of the post is 2 m, buried 0.5 m in the soil, with 1.5 m above ground. The spacing between posts cannot be uniformly determined because plot lengths vary. In areas with frequent storms, about 6 m is suitable; in other areas, 7-8 m is fine.
3. When burying the posts, compact them layer by layer, and make every row form a straight line. Cement posts are best, with thickness and width of 6 cm × 12 cm. When making the posts, place 3-4 pieces of 3.3 cm cold-drawn iron wire inside. Finally, pull the wires properly. Generally, pulling three lines of wire is enough. The first line from the ground should be 60 cm above the ground. After leaving 10 cm at the top of the post, the remaining two lines of wire can be pulled at equal distances. Before pulling the wire, attach an anchor stone to the posts at both ends of the field. Use a wire tightener to pull the wire tight, then tie it tightly to each post with tying wire.
Crystal Grape Planting Techniques and Precautions
I. Planting techniques:
1. Variety selection. Choose virus-free seedlings that have a certain resistance to stress, strong resistance to pests and diseases, and relatively high quality.
2. Planting. Seedling quality shall be implemented according to the provisions of NY/469-2001. When selecting grape seedlings, choose first-grade seedlings that show no disease symptoms and are relatively vigorous. Before planting, carry out simple treatment of the seedlings, that is, soak the main trunk of the seedling for 1-2 min in a commonly used disinfectant such as 3-5 degrees Baume lime sulfur mixture or 1% copper sulfate, rinse with clean water, and then plant (note that the root system must not come into contact with lime sulfur mixture). Planting density: for pergola trellis, row spacing 3.5 m-4 m × 1.5 m-2.0 m, planting 83-127 plants per 667 sq m. For single-wall trellis, row spacing 1.0-2.0 m × 2.0 m-3.0 m, planting 111-333 plants per 667 sq m.
II. Precautions:
Whether field planting or courtyard cultivation, the land must first be prepared well, sufficient water and fertilizer applied, and seeds selected and sown. Spray New High-Lipid Film to enhance fertilizer efficiency, maintain soil moisture, and promote germination and seedling emergence. Build the trellis properly; the principle is to both facilitate work under the trellis and increase the coverage rate of the trellis surface. Trellis construction should be completed before seedling emergence or before transplanting.
Crystal Grape Field Management
1. Keep the orchard clean. Doing a good job of orchard cleaning is a fundamental measure for eliminating grape pests and diseases. It is required to carry out concentrated cleaning in spring and autumn each year, and to sweep up the dead branches and leaves cut during winter pruning and the old bark peeled from the vines, then burn or bury them deeply to reduce harm the following year. When pest and disease damage is found during the growing season, also promptly and carefully cut off diseased branches, clusters, berries, and leaves, and destroy them immediately to prevent further spread.
2. Improve ventilation and light conditions on the trellis surface. If the branches and leaves on the grape trellis are too dense and too many fruit clusters are retained, ventilation and light penetration are poor, making pests and diseases more likely. Therefore, promptly tie the vines, pinch the tips, and thin out secondary shoots to create good ventilation and light conditions. Fruit clusters close to the ground can be hung appropriately higher with rope to prevent pest and disease damage.
3. Strengthen water and fertilizer management. Fertilization and irrigation must be determined according to the growth and development needs of the fruit trees and the fertility of the soil. Applying organic fertilizer or inorganic compound fertilizer can enhance the fruit trees. Excessive fertilizer, insufficient phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, waterlogged or dry soil can promote the occurrence of pests and diseases; orchards in low-lying areas should pay attention to drainage and flood prevention, promote normal root growth, and help enhance the stress resistance of the tree body.
4. Deep plowing and weeding. Combined with the application of base fertilizer, deep plowing can bury pests and pathogens from the soil surface into the fertilization trench, thereby reducing sources of pests and diseases. Also dig out pupae, cocoons, and larvae from the soil near the roots of grape plants and kill them in a concentrated way. Residual branches, fallen leaves, and weeds in the orchard are places where diseases and pests overwinter and reproduce, so reducing them reduces pest and disease damage.
How to Control Crystal Grape Black Spot Disease
1. Select suitable varieties according to local conditions. Raise the distribution position of branches and vines on the trellis surface, or switch to pergola cultivation to reduce the chance of disease. During the dormant period, thoroughly clean the orchard, remove diseased branches, leaves, and clusters, and reduce sources of infection.
2. At the bud swelling stage, spray a mixture of 5 degrees Baume lime sulfur mixture and 0.3%-0.5% sodium pentachlorophenate, or spray 10% ammonium sulfate solution, to eliminate overwintering pathogens.
3. Spray 200-240 times half-strength lime Bordeaux mixture once before flowering and once after flowering to protect flower clusters and fruit clusters; later, 50% chlorothalonil 500 times solution can also be used alternately with Bordeaux mixture. Promptly pinch the tips and remove secondary shoots to reduce infection of young tender tissues.
When planting crystal grapes, site selection must be done well, and then good varieties should be chosen for planting. Management after planting is also very important; timely fertilization, irrigation, and weeding are all important, and in the later stage, control of black spot disease also needs to be strengthened. Only in this way can its growth be ensured.