Golden Autumn Shatang Mandarin Cultivation Techniques and Prospect Analysis
In fact, many people do not know that Golden Autumn Shatang Mandarin is China's first hybrid variety with proprietary rights. The fruit of Golden Autumn Shatang Mandarin is relatively small, and its outer color is red. Most importantly, Golden Autumn Shatang Mandarin is rich in VC, and its nutritional value is very high among fruits, so Golden Autumn Shatang Mandarin is very popular among people. Next, the editor will introduce some cultivation techniques related to Golden Autumn Shatang Mandarin.
Golden Autumn Shatang Mandarin Cultivation Techniques
1. Select pure, disease-free, and pest-free strong seedlings. For the strain, early-maturing types have good quality and high yield. Seedlings using trifoliate orange as rootstock are dwarfed, early-bearing, and high-yielding; seedlings using sour orange as rootstock have an upright and vigorous tree form and begin bearing late. The seedling height should exceed 40 cm, the thickness should be 0.5 cm or more, there should be no quarantine pests or diseases (canker disease, huanglongbing), fibrous roots should be well developed, and the scion and rootstock should be highly compatible.
2. Choose the land accurately and plant at a reasonable density. Shatang Mandarin can grow and bear fruit normally on ordinary soil, but to grow quickly, bear fruit early, and produce high and stable yields, it requires a moist and fertile soil environment. Therefore, to develop Shatang Mandarin planting, choose paddy fields, dry land, riverside alluvial land, and gully land with convenient transportation, sufficient water sources, irrigation and drainage capacity, and deep, loose, and fertile soil. To achieve early-stage high yield, when planting in fertile paddy fields and dry land, use a dwarfed and densely planted method, planting 200-300 plants per mu, with a spacing of 2 m × 1.5 m or 2 m × 1 m. In mountainous land, plant about 100 plants per mu, with a spacing of 3 × 2 m. Production practice has proven that dwarfed dense planting is an important technical measure for achieving early fruiting and high yield in Shatang Mandarin. After many years of high yield, dense planting orchards develop crossing and shading, and then thinning can be carried out.
3. Planting method. In our county, Shatang Mandarin is generally planted in spring from February to March. When developing Shatang Mandarin on fertile soil and deep-soil paddy fields and riverside alluvial soil, shallow pits can be dug for planting; in paddy fields, high beds should be made according to the arrangement of rows. On poor dry land and sloping land, dig deep pits 1 m square and prepare sufficient base fertilizer. For each pit, apply 3 jin of phosphate fertilizer, 5 jin of lime, 100 jin of garbage mud or pond mud, and 30-50 jin of pig, cattle, and chicken manure. When filling the pit, mix the fertilizer with the soil thoroughly and then fill it back into the pit, forming a tree basin about 20 cm above the ground. Before planting, prune part of the branches and leaves of the seedlings to reduce water evaporation, cut off the main root, and retain as many fibrous roots as possible. When planting, dig a shallow pit, let the fibrous roots spread naturally, then backfill soil and compact it. The buried soil height must not cover the grafting union. After planting, cover the tree basin with rice straw or other weeds and water thoroughly to settle the roots. Within one month after planting, keep the soil near the roots moist. When the temperature is high, there has been a long clear period without rain, and the soil is dry, water every day; on rainy days or when the soil is moist, there is no need to water.
What Are the Prospects for Golden Autumn Shatang Mandarin
The risk of doing this is still quite high. Judging from last year's market, the Shatang Mandarin market in many markets across the country was saturated, and many saw it as an opportunity. The production area market and the sales market are worlds apart, and at present the market side overall is basically operating at a loss. Prices in Beijing, Liaoning, Dalian, Zibo, Taiyuan, and other places successively fell below 4.5 yuan/jin, and good goods found it hard to exceed 5 yuan/jin. There was only a good market for the three days of New Year's Day, and after that the market went bad again. Compared with the same period last year, this year's selling prices in major markets dropped by about 0.8 yuan/jin, while purchase prices in production areas were about 0.8 yuan/jin higher in the same period. In other words, it is a gamble, to see who judges accurately and who can laugh last. Five years is too long; no one can say for sure.
Precautions for Planting Golden Autumn Shatang Mandarin
1. The growth and development, flowering, and fruiting of Shatang Mandarin fruit trees are closely related to environmental conditions such as temperature, sunlight, moisture (humidity), soil, as well as wind, altitude, topography, and slope aspect. Among these conditions, temperature has the greatest impact. Even a temperature difference of 0.5°C can sometimes produce completely different results. The growth and development of Shatang Mandarin require a temperature of 12.5-37°C.
2. Autumn flower bud differentiation requires day and night temperatures of about 20°C and about 10°C respectively, and the soil temperature for root growth is roughly the same as that above ground. Too low a temperature will cause Shatang Mandarin to freeze. Sweet orange freezes at -4°C, and Satsuma mandarin at -5°C, when branches and leaves may freeze. Below -5°C for sweet orange and below -6°C for Satsuma mandarin, large branches and trunks may be freeze-injured. Below -6.5°C for sweet orange and below -9°C for Satsuma mandarin, the plants may freeze to death.
What Are the Variety Characteristics of Golden Autumn Shatang Mandarin
1. Early maturity: The market period is about 45 days earlier than ordinary Shatang Mandarin. In high-humidity and low-light areas (such as Chengdu, Sichuan, with an annual average relative humidity of about 80% and annual sunshine of about 1000 hours), coloring begins in late September, becomes fully orange in mid-October, and red in early November. The fruit can be picked in batches for market from mid-to-late October and can continue to be picked until late December. During this period, the sugar content keeps rising and does not decrease.
2. Seedless and high-yielding: It performs as seedless when cultivated alone or mixed with seedless varieties; when mixed with seedy varieties, it occasionally has a small number of seeds.
3. High sugar and low acid: In low-light areas such as Chongqing and Sichuan, the soluble solids (TSS) content in late October reaches about 12.0%, total acid about 0.4%, and the solid-acid ratio is above 25, greatly higher than other main citrus varieties on the market in the same period. In advantageous citrus areas such as Guilin, Guangxi, TSS can reach 17% by November 10. During the period of hanging on the tree after coloring, if the weather is clear, TSS rises by about 1 degree every 10 days or so, and by late December there is no puffing, no sugar loss, and no drying out.
4. Fine, tender, and melting: It is relatively easy to peel, and the flesh is extremely fine, tender, and melting, dissolving in the mouth. It is one of the representative citrus varieties with fine, tender, and melting flesh to date.
5. Bright and beautiful appearance: The fruit surface is smooth and clean, deep red and attractive, the peel is smooth and delicate, and the waxy layer is thick and bright.
6. Strong adaptability: Ordinary Shatang Mandarin is not suitable for cultivation in areas with an annual average temperature below 20°C, while Golden Autumn Shatang Mandarin performs well in areas with an annual average temperature of 16°C-21.5°C.
7. Resistance to canker disease: Even when top-grafted and variety-changed in orchards with severe canker disease, disease spots rarely appear. In production areas with severe canker disease, canker prevention can be omitted or only simple preventive spraying can be done, but attention should be paid to preventing and controlling common fungal diseases such as anthracnose and brown rot.
Above, the editor also introduced some cultivation techniques related to Golden Autumn Shatang Mandarin. Through the explanation above, I believe everyone also knows that the nutritional value of Golden Autumn Shatang Mandarin is very high, and it is also very convenient for people to eat. Therefore, Golden Autumn Shatang Mandarin is deeply loved by a wide range of friends. Therefore, the commercial prospects of Golden Autumn Shatang Mandarin are also very good.