Can oyster mushrooms be cultivated artificially? Key points of high-yield cultivation techniques

The oyster mushroom, this delicious fungal food, is very common in our daily lives, and because it has high nutritional value and is very beneficial to people's health, it is loved by many people, which also gives it good market prospects. However, many people think that most fungal foods cannot be cultivated artificially, so could the oyster mushroom be an exception?

Can oyster mushrooms be cultivated artificially?

Oyster mushrooms can be cultivated artificially. Oyster mushrooms have strong saprophytic ability, strong adaptability, and strong stress resistance. The cultivation materials that can be used are also very extensive, making artificial cultivation easy. It is precisely because of these characteristics of oyster mushrooms that currently there are more and more factories and growers cultivating oyster mushrooms, and they have achieved relatively good economic benefits.

The first stage is producing the mother culture, that is, obtaining the mother culture by purifying and rejuvenating from the fruiting body. The key to successful artificial cultivation of edible fungi is the spawn. Only excellent spawn can achieve high quality and high yield. This is the first element for high yield of oyster mushrooms.

High-yield cultivation techniques for oyster mushrooms

1. Spawn selection: Choose spawn with white, robust mycelium and a spawn age of about 20 days. It is especially worth noting that the number of times the spawn is transferred through tubes cannot be too many. Contaminated spawn must absolutely not be used, otherwise it will bring a large amount of miscellaneous bacteria to the mushroom bed.

2. Site disinfection: The cultivation site for Phoenix-tail mushrooms must be disinfected. First spray it once with lime water, then spray with insecticide, to eliminate miscellaneous bacteria and pests within the cultivation environment. Indoors, it should be fumigated with the doors closed, and lime water and insecticide should be sprayed.

3. Management before fruiting: Management before fruiting is mainly keeping warm for mycelial growth. Indoors, pay attention to ventilation; in open beds, pay attention to temperature changes. Also promptly observe whether there is miscellaneous bacterial contamination on the surface of the substrate, and corresponding measures should be taken promptly.

4. Management after fruiting: After fruiting, the mushroom house is best kept between 20-25 degrees C. Pay attention to ventilation and provide a certain amount of scattered light to promote primordium differentiation. Young mushroom buds cannot be directly sprayed with water. The relative humidity of the air should be increased. When the mushroom cap flattens, the water requirement is greatest, and at this time spraying should be increased.

5. Timely harvesting: When the fruiting body enters the mature stage, the mushroom cap is fully expanded, and the edge curls upward, it should be harvested in time. After harvesting one batch, the bed surface should be cleaned once, and the substrate should be slightly compacted. Stop watering for 3-4 days to allow the mycelium to fully recover and accumulate nutrients before replenishing water.

6. Processing and storage: Phoenix-tail mushrooms can generally harvest the first batch 30 days after sowing, with a total of 3-4 batches harvested. The first 1-2 batches can basically harvest about 80% of the mushroom yield. Drying, salting, canning, and other methods can refer to the processing and storage methods for oyster mushrooms.

Prospects for oyster mushroom cultivation

The oyster mushroom is a new fungal variety introduced from Taiwan, China. Its nutritional value is extremely high, and market supply falls short of demand. Each “oyster mushroom” greenhouse covers about 2.5 mu; on rows of supports in the greenhouse, dense mushroom bags are stacked into a spectacular “battle formation” shape; each greenhouse holds 100,000-110,000 mushroom bags. The “oyster mushroom” with only one leaf has extremely high picking requirements. It must be picked when it grows to about 3 cm, requiring a large number of “workers” busy in 24-hour shifts, and it must immediately be sent away by refrigerated truck, either for deep processing or to large supermarkets.

Because of the unique nutritional value of oyster mushrooms, it has long been a delicious yet inexpensive high-grade dish on people's dining tables. Because of its exceptional disease-resistant and health-preserving functions, oyster mushrooms have become a hot commodity in the vegetable market. In the vegetable market, one jin of oyster mushrooms can sell for 11 yuan, with remarkable economic value. If deep processing can be carried out to make various semi-finished products, its economic benefit will double, and one jin can sell for about 20 yuan. If it can be planted on a large scale, it will certainly become another powerful tool for farmers to increase income.

How to prepare the cultivation substrate

Formula 1: Sawdust 60%, cottonseed hull 15%, rice straw 15%, wheat bran 10%.

Formula 2: Sawdust 80%, wheat bran 18%, gypsum 1%, sucrose 1%.

Formula 3: Sawdust 59%, cottonseed hull 30%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%.

Formula 4: Sawdust 30%, cottonseed hull 30%, rice straw 30%, wheat bran 10%.

Sawdust must first be sifted to remove wood blocks and wood chips, preventing puncturing of the plastic bags. Rice straw is cut with a special machine into 3-4 cm lengths and placed in lime water at PH11 to soak for 48 hours, then removed, rinsed with water, so that the PH drops to about 7, and then drained of excess water. Cottonseed hull and wheat bran are best exposed to sunlight for one day before use. Formula 4 has a relatively low C/N, and the sterility requirements at inoculation are relatively high.

The nutritional value of oyster mushrooms is very high. They can nourish the body, and they can also help people lose weight and improve appearance, so it is not without reason that they are so popular in the market. However, for this fungal food, oyster mushrooms, if high yield is to be obtained, more management is still needed during cultivation.