Key Points of Trichosanthes Planting Technology and Distribution of Its Main Producing Areas
As for Trichosanthes, many people may not know what it is, because it is not very common in daily life. In fact, Trichosanthes is also a fruit with high nutritional value; it is not only very delicious, but also has poor beautifying effects. At present, more and more people are growing Trichosanthes, but to grow Trichosanthes with high yield and good varieties is a great test of everyone's planting technology.
Trichosanthes Planting Technology
1. Field plot selection
Sandy loam with sufficient light, deep soil layer, fertile and loose texture, and good drainage is preferable, and the value is slightly acidic.
2. Digging holes and fertilizing
Generally, dig 20-22 holes per 667 sq m, with a hole spacing of 5-6m, each hole 80-100cm in diameter and 60cm deep. For clay soil and yellow loam with shallow soil layers and poor soil quality, it is best to fill the holes with sandy fertile soil and apply sufficient base fertilizer. Apply 50kg of organic fertilizer and 1kg of rapeseed cake per hole, and 1kg of compound fertilizer may also be added in an appropriate amount, then cover with soil level with the ground and allow it to ferment fully.
3. Reasonable planting
Planting is generally carried out around March 20, before the Trichosanthes root tubers sprout. The number of plants per hole can be determined according to the size of the root tubers. One-to-two-year-old Trichosanthes root tubers are small, so 2 plants can be planted per hole; for those with a larger root diameter of more than 3cm, plant 1 plant per hole, cover with 3-5cm of fine soil, water to keep moist, and it is best to spread a layer of rice straw around them to preserve soil moisture.
4. Erecting a trellis
For the trellis material, sturdy cement products should be selected as upright posts, with iron wires stretched on top for the vines to climb. The spacing between trellis posts is generally about 3m, and the trellis height is 2.2-2.5m. For Trichosanthes seedlings planted in the current year, a simple trellis may first be set up for climbing.
5. Pruning and trimming
After Trichosanthes sprouts, when its vines are 20-25cm long, small bamboo poles should be inserted in time to guide the vines onto the trellis, keeping 1-2 main branches and removing excess vine branches. For vines that have already climbed onto the trellis, the main vines should be topped to strive for even distribution of the vines on the trellis, and hanging branches should be dealt with in time.
6. Fertilizer and water regulation
Trichosanthes has a long growth period and a high fertilizer demand. Base fertilizer should be applied heavily, fruit-setting fertilizer should be applied well, and anti-senescence fertilizer should be applied skillfully, paying attention to the combined use of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers.
Where Are the Producing Areas of Trichosanthes
It is distributed in China in Liaoning, North China, East China, Central South, Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Guizhou, and Yunnan. It grows at an altitude of 200-1800 m under mountain slopes and forests, in thickets, in grasslands, and beside fields near villages. Because this species is the traditional Chinese medicine Tianhuafen and Gualou, it is widely cultivated both within and outside its natural distribution area. It is distributed in Korea, Japan, Vietnam, and Laos.
The rhizome of Trichosanthes is thick, cylindrical, and yellow on the outside. It has effects such as relieving fever and quenching thirst, promoting urination, and relieving cough and phlegm. The seeds contain fatty oil; the fruit contains triterpenoid saponins, organic acids, resins, sugars, and pigments; the roots contain proteins, saponins, and acids.
Trichosanthes Pest Control
1. Trichosanthes clearwing moth: The larvae often bore and feed on the surface of Trichosanthes stems, and after the 3rd instar bore into the interior of the stems. The cells in the affected part of the stem are stimulated to grow and swell, and in severe cases cause the stems and leaves to wither and die.
Control methods: For 1st-2nd instar larvae, spray with biological pesticide matrine 500 times solution or 40% chlorpyrifos 1000 times solution; after the larvae bore into the stems, a slit can be cut open in the stem, and a cotton ball dipped in the prepared biological pesticide solution can be inserted into the stem to control the larvae.
2. Red spider mite: Adults, nymphs, and larvae suck sap on the back of leaves and form silk webs. In severe cases, small white spots cover the leaves, the fruiting period is shortened, and the yield decreases.
Control methods: Spray with 45% sulfur suspension concentrate 300 times solution, or 20% pyridaphenthion emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times solution, or 5% hexythiazox emulsifiable concentrate 2000 times solution, etc.
Control Methods for Trichosanthes Fusarium Wilt
1. Before winter begins, remove diseased plant residues and dispose of them centrally to reduce field infection sources. At the same time, spray disinfectant chemicals to disinfect the Trichosanthes garden, and spray New High-Fat Film to enhance the efficacy.
2. Strengthen cultivation management and supplement water and fertilizer in time. At the same time, during the bud stage, young fruit stage, and fruit expansion stage of Trichosanthes, spray Zhuanggua Diling to increase nutrient transport, improve the plant's antiviral ability, promote rapid fruit development, and prevent flower drop, fruit drop, and fruit cracking during the growth cycle, thereby increasing the yield of Trichosanthes.
3. According to the principle of killing insects if there are insects, treating disease if there is disease, and preventing if there is none, spray 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 40% DuPont Fuxing emulsifiable concentrate, and New High-Fat Film 800 times solution in the early stage of disease to prevent the spread of Fusarium wilt.
The planting method of Trichosanthes is not very difficult; as long as you understand its growth habits, everything will feel so handy. However, pests and diseases are indeed the main factors affecting the growth of Trichosanthes, so everyone should still pay attention to prevention during the planting period.