When to Plant Broad Beans? A Detailed Guide to Greenhouse Cultivation Techniques

I believe many aunts and mothers like to pick some broad beans at the market to take home and stir-fry, but do you know when broad beans are planted? Although there is greenhouse cultivation nowadays, when is the best time to plant broad beans? And do you know what the greenhouse broad bean cultivation techniques are? Let us take a look at broad bean cultivation together.

When to Plant Broad Beans

Time to plant broad beans: China's main broad bean production areas include Yunnan, Sichuan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Jiangxi and southern Shaanxi and other provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions), sown from October to November and harvested from April to May. They are mainly the crop following rice, and in winter they are rotated with wheat and rapeseed. Spring-sown broad bean growing areas: including Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, Shanxi, northern Shaanxi and northern Hebei, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Tibet and northwestern Sichuan and other provinces and autonomous regions, generally sown from March to April and harvested in August, one crop a year.

Greenhouse Broad Bean Cultivation Techniques

1. Seedling stage management: at the seedling stage, according to the condition of the seedlings, control water or irrigate to achieve sturdy and strong seedlings, so that the seedlings are uniform, even and strong. For sticky mud bean fields, cover with grass promptly after sowing to keep warm and retain moisture.

2. Mid-stage management: do a good job of forecasting and reporting pests and diseases, promptly control the harm of pests, diseases, weeds and rodents, manage water well, carry out field pruning and thinning of seedlings, pull out thin and weak plants and diseased plants, and ensure healthy growth of the population.

3. Late-stage management: ensure the water demand during the grain-filling stage, keeping soil moisture content at 20-25%; if it falls below 18-20%, irrigation must be carried out immediately. For high-yield fields and late-maturing fields, top and pinch out the growing tips at the end of flowering and the tip-scattering stage, which helps ventilation and light penetration, increases grain weight and promotes early maturity.

4. Rational fertilization: after sowing, cover with 1500-2000 kg/mu of high-quality barnyard manure or an appropriate amount of rice straw, and at the 2.5-3 leaf stage of the bean seedlings apply 30 kg/mu of ordinary calcium superphosphate and 10-15 kg/mu of potassium sulfate.

5. Drought and waterlogging prevention: broad beans are very sensitive to water, fearing both drought and waterlogging. If field drainage is poor, root development will be poor, and damping-off and rust are likely to occur. In case of drought, especially during flowering and pod setting, the impact on yield is even more serious. Therefore, timely drainage and irrigation should be carried out according to growth needs to ensure a bumper harvest.

6. Timely harvest: broad beans mature starting from the lower pods. If harvesting green beans for use as a vegetable, they can be harvested 3 to 4 times from bottom to top. If harvesting mature dry seeds, harvest all at once when the middle and lower pods of most plants have turned black. After harvesting, the fresh broad bean seedlings should be turned into the soil promptly to preserve nutrients.

Broad Bean Yield-Increasing Techniques

1. Remove the main stem: remove the main stem at the right time so that nutrients are concentrated in supplying the secondary stems that branch before winter, promoting the secondary stems of broad beans to bloom more and bear more fruit the next year. The main stem should be removed in early January by cutting it off with a knife 10 cm above the ground from the main stem, and this work should be finished by mid-January at the latest.

2. Remove ineffective branches: branches that appear after the Beginning of Spring on broad beans rarely bloom, and even if they do bloom, they easily form flowers without fruit, and they compete with the effective branches that appeared before the new year for light, water and fertilizer. Therefore, at the early flowering stage of broad beans in March, remove these small branches and tender thin branches to promote the broad beans' concentrated? apricot plum remaining, beneficial to the seedlings.?

3. Pinch out the growing tip: the flowers of broad beans are lateral short racemes, and the flowering period lasts 20-30 days. During flowering and pod setting, nutrients cannot be concentrated to meet the needs of flowering and pod setting, often leading to flower and pod drop, and many infertile flowers form at the top of the branches. Therefore, timely removal of the growing tip in the later stage can control plant growth and increase yield. This operation is especially suitable around April 10. In addition, when applying the above techniques, they should be handled flexibly according to the growth and development of the plants. When removing the main stem and ineffective branches, choose a sunny day and act gently.

Methods for Sprouting Broad Bean Seeds

1. Seed soaking and sprouting: dry broad bean seed coats are thick and hard, and the general soaking time is 36 hours, rinsing and changing the water once every 3-4 hours. When the broad beans are swollen, with no shriveling, no wrinkles, no white center when cut open, and the skin at the flat mouth has not split, end the soaking. Put the soaked broad beans into a mesh bag, place them in 3% lime water, soak for 5 minutes, then take them out and rinse twice with clean water, drain the water, wrap them in a wet burlap sack or cotton cloth, and place them in a sprouting container to sprout. After 1 day, when 80% of the bean seeds have sprouted white, take them out, rinse and transfer them for cultivation. If you want broad bean seeds to sprout as soon as possible, you must maintain the humidity of the broad bean seeds; in addition, during sprouting, keep the broad bean seeds ventilated, so that they can sprout as early as possible.

2. After sprouting, transplant at the right time. When managing broad bean seedlings in the field, note that at the early stage of the broad bean seedlings, according to the condition of the seedlings, control water or irrigate to achieve sturdy and strong seedlings, so that the seedlings are uniform, even and strong. For sticky mud bean fields, cover with grass promptly after sowing to keep warm and retain moisture. Mid-stage management measures: do a good job of forecasting and reporting pests and diseases, promptly control the harm of pests, diseases, weeds and rodents, and manage water well. Carry out field pruning and thinning of seedlings, pull out thin and weak plants and diseased plants, and ensure healthy growth of the population. Late-stage management measures: ensure the water demand during the grain-filling stage, keeping soil moisture content at 20—25%; if it falls below 18—20%, irrigation must be carried out immediately; for high-yield fields and late-maturing fields, top and pinch out the growing tips at the end of flowering and the tip-scattering stage, which helps ventilation and light penetration, increases grain weight and promotes early maturity. After maturity, harvest at the right time. When harvesting tender broad bean pods at the right time, they can be harvested in several rounds, harvesting from bottom to top, each time about 7-10 days apart. For the later harvest of mature seeds, they can be harvested when the broad bean leaves have withered and the middle and lower pods are fully mature, then dried in the sun, threshed and stored.

Therefore, broad beans should be planted within the above time periods for the best results. Although the planting time can now be changed by changing the growing environment, it was originally planted at that time, and the greenhouse broad bean cultivation techniques still need to be improved, since after all this is just the effect of a greenhouse.