Key points of kiwifruit cultivation techniques: set density according to variety, spacing is mostly 3 m by 4 m
SummarySoil: choose loose, breathable soil with a slightly acidic pH. Temperature: best planted in subtropical or temperate humid climate regions. Water: needs sufficient water, but waterlogging must not occur. Light: suitable for diffused light. Orchard establishment: choose a sunny slope on a small hillside, with a slope not exceeding 30°. Spacing: depends on the variety and orchard conditions, mostly about 3 m × 4 m. Fertilization: fertilize reasonably according to growth and development. Pests and diseases: actively prevent and control common pests and diseases.
I. Planting environment
1. Soil requirements. When planting kiwifruit, choose loose and breathable soil with a slightly acidic pH for planting, and also ensure a certain level of fertility and organic matter content; it must never be planted in strongly alkaline soil.
2. Growing temperature. Kiwifruit has very high requirements for the temperature of the growing environment and is also very sensitive to temperature. Different types of kiwifruit have different temperature requirements. In general, kiwifruit is more suitable for temperate humid and subtropical climates, and the optimal temperature difference between delicious kiwifruit and Zhongxing kiwifruit differs by nearly 10°C.
3. Reasonable watering. Kiwifruit needs sufficient water during the growing period, but it should not be excessive. When planting kiwifruit, water must be well controlled, ensuring both the water needed for growth and the absence of waterlogging. When selecting a site, it is best to choose a humid climate zone or a riverside that is humid year-round, near a water source. For example, the rainfall in the first half of the year in eastern or central regions is quite suitable for planting kiwifruit and is also convenient for irrigation.
4. Reasonable light. Most kiwifruit likes to grow under semi-shaded light conditions. It prefers light but is more suitable for diffused light, and it must not be exposed to direct sunlight; too strong ultraviolet light is not conducive to its normal growth.
II. Key points of cultivation techniques
1. Choosing the planting site. Kiwifruit is a plant that likes light and is also phototropic. When planting, it is best to choose a sunny slope on a small hillside, and the slope should preferably not exceed 30°, which is conducive to better light exposure for the plant and convenient for later land preparation and trellis building.
2. Density and spacing. The planting density of kiwifruit depends on its variety and orchard conditions. Kiwifruit generally uses a T-shaped trellis or a large trellis for cultivation. If it is a weakly growing variety such as Hongyang, the plant and row spacing is generally about 2.5 m × 4 m; if it is a strongly growing variety such as Jinyan or Hayward, the plant and row spacing is about 3 m × 4 m.
3. Reasonable fertilization. Kiwifruit likes fertilizer but it should not be excessive, to avoid burning the roots. Fertilize reasonably according to the growth and development conditions of the kiwifruit. Generally, if kiwifruit shows small leaves or stops developing, it indicates a lack of nutrients, and at this time additional fertilizer should be applied to supplement the needed nutrients.
4. Preventing and controlling pests and diseases
Mulberry white scale: fenitrothion spray can be used for spraying and killing.
Flower rot: flower buds can be controlled with Baumé lime sulfur mixture or zineb wettable powder.
Leaf blight: leaf blight can be controlled with a thiophanate wettable powder solution.
Soft rot and ripe rot: both are caused by bacteria and fungi, and both need to be controlled with carbendazim.
Gray mold: dichlofluanid spray can be used for control.