Plastic Mulch Peanut Planting Time Is Mid-May, with Detailed Key Points of Planting Technology
SummaryVarieties: Choose high-quality varieties with a growth period of about 120-130 days. Planting site: It is advisable to choose fertile sandy loam with good drainage and irrigation. Land preparation: The depth is about 20-23cm, and the soil needs to be fine and free of clods. Fertilization: Farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer can be chosen as base fertilizer. Sowing: Sow in mid-May after soaking the seeds to germinate. Reasonable close planting: A ridge spacing of about 65cm, with 1.3-meter-wide plastic mulch. Management: Where the mulch has been lifted, cover it well and press it firmly, and strengthen the prevention and control of pests and diseases.
1. Choose Varieties
Choose high-quality varieties with a growth period of 120-130 days for planting, with an active accumulated temperature of about 2500 degrees C, higher yield, strong resistance, and good high-yield quality; most are white-seeded in shape.
2. Choose the Planting Site
It is suitable to choose sandy loam with deep, fertile soil, good drainage and irrigation, and good water and fertilizer retention for planting. It is not suitable to plant in plots with high sandiness. Plastic-mulched peanuts are suitable for planting in plots after millet, corn, potato, and watermelon. If continuous cropping is used, organic fertilizer or biological fertilizer should be applied.
3. Land Preparation
Plastic mulch cultivation requires fine land preparation to lay the foundation for high and stable yields. It is suitable to carry out autumn plowing after the previous crop is harvested, with a depth of 20-23cm. When the cultivated land has matured, carry out shallow plowing in early spring. After plowing, harrow and level promptly to preserve soil moisture. The soil needs to be fine and free of clods, and the ground should be level with no stubble.
4. Fertilization
1. Farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer can be chosen to promote the growth and development of peanuts and supplement sufficient nutrient elements. Apply 30-35 cubic meters of farmyard manure per hectare. Where there is no farmyard manure, crop rotation can be used, and base fertilizer can be applied in conjunction with land preparation. Chemical fertilizer 45%, peanut special fertilizer 450-600 kg, urea 100-135 kg, potassium fertilizer 80-150 kg, and diammonium about 150-200 kg.
2. Peanut special fertilizer and other fertilizers are applied deeply as base fertilizer. Peanuts have a taproot system, and most roots are concentrated in the 10-30 degrees C plow layer. During this period, apply nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers evenly. Apply sufficient base fertilizer in conjunction with land preparation, and it can be applied in two times: two-thirds of the fertilizer is applied in conjunction with early spring land preparation, and one-third of the fertilizer is applied below the 10cm plow layer when ridging.
5. Sowing
1. Choose vigorously germinating peanuts as seeds. Before sowing, sun-dry the peanuts to break dormancy, promote after-ripening, and improve seed vigor. Soak the seeds to promote germination. After germination, sow in mid-May, or this can be decided according to the local climate, or sow within 5 days when the average ground temperature in the 5-10cm plow layer is stably above 13 degrees C. Planting plastic-mulched peanuts can increase ground temperature, so it can be done appropriately earlier.
2. A mulch-laying machine can be used to sow under good bottom soil moisture. After sowing, cover with plastic mulch and then spray herbicide, or after sowing, rake level, then spray herbicide, and cover with plastic mulch manually. On average, two seeds per hole. The plastic mulch should fit tightly against the ridge surface. Every 3 meters, throw two spadefuls of soil to press it firmly to prevent the wind from lifting the mulch.
6. Reasonable Close Planting
A ridge spacing of 65cm is recommended, using 1.3-meter-wide plastic mulch, covering both ridges completely, with a hole spacing of 20cm and about 220,000 seedlings retained per hectare. Large-ridge 3-row mulching can also be used, that is, 2 natural ridges combined into 1 large ridge, with 3 rows planted on the ridge and a small row spacing of 35cm, which can reasonably use light energy and soil fertility.
7. Later Management
1. After sowing, frequently inspect and protect the mulch. If lifted mulch or broken openings in the plastic mulch letting air through are found, cover and press them firmly promptly to maintain warming and moisture retention. After emergence, carry out seedling guidance. Wet soil can be used to seal the mulch holes tightly. Along with seedling guidance, pull the first pair of lateral branches out of the mulch, and remove the soil mound on the mulch holes. After the seedlings emerge completely, check the seedlings and replant promptly.
2. During the growth and development period, do a good job of protecting the mulch, avoid wind damage and trampling by people and livestock, and also strengthen the prevention and control of pests and diseases, mainly stem rot, crown rot, and root rot in the early stage, and leaf spot disease in the middle and late stages. Systemic fungicides plus foliar fertilizer can be applied. When there are aphids and red spiders, use omethoate and imidacloprid to control aphids, and avermectin and other acaricides to control red spiders.
8. Precautions
The selected variety should be suitable for planting, and the growth period should be moderate. Early-maturing varieties do not need plastic mulching, as they are prone to premature aging. The plastic mulch should not be stretched excessively to avoid tearing. Opening holes to release seedlings should not be too early or too late, and soil must be pressed 3-5cm thick.