How to cultivate Taiwan long-fruited mulberry? Pruning can increase yield

AbstractSite selection: A place with deep and fertile soil and convenient drainage and irrigation should be chosen. Cultivation requirements: Dig planting trenches and apply base fertilizer; the spacing between each plant and row is determined by the fertility of the land; after planting, water must be applied to settle the roots. Water: The sprouting periods after spring pruning and summer pruning have a high water demand. Fertilizer: Mainly chicken manure and soybean cake, supplemented by compound fertilizer and urea. Shaping and pruning: Carry out trunk determination on the seedlings and pinch the new shoots. Pest and disease control: Use lime sulfur mixture for disinfection, and omethoate plus thiophanate-methyl to control mulberry tussock moth, brown spot disease, etc.

Taiwan long-fruited mulberry is also called super fruit mulberry and purple-gold honey mulberry. It is an excellent variety improved by experts in Taiwan, China after several rounds of pollination using large-fruited mulberry and several other wild long-fruited mulberries. Its growth is very vigorous, the leaves are medium-sized, and the maturity period is relatively early. The mature long-fruited mulberry is purple-black in color. The length of the long-fruited mulberry is 8cm-12cm, and the longest can reach 18cm. The maturity period is about one month.

1. Site selection

1. Long-fruited mulberry can be planted in various soils in hilly areas and plain areas, and it does not have strict requirements for soil quality.

2. However, to establish a high-yield orchard, the land should be selected from plots with deep soil, convenient drainage and irrigation, and fertile soil for planting.

2. Cultivation requirements

1. Before planting, dig planting trenches with a depth of about 50cm and a width of about 60cm, and lay a layer of 20cm-30cm of rice straw or crop stems at the bottom of the trench, then cover it with about 10cm of topsoil.

2. Apply livestock, poultry or human manure and urine, and compound fertilizer to the topsoil for backfilling. For each mu of land, 0.5 tons of rice straw, 0.5 tons of manure, and 50 kg of compound fertilizer are needed, and about 1 ton of high-quality decomposed farmyard manure is applied per mu.

3. For planted long-fruited mulberry on fertile land, the spacing between plants and rows is 2m×3m, and about 110 plants can be planted per mu; when the row spacing is about 3m×3.5m, about 63 plants are planted per mu.

4. When planting long-fruited mulberry on poor land, hillside land, and wind-sand wasteland, the row spacing is 1m×2m, and about 333 plants are planted per mu.

5. When planting, first place the plant into the filled planting trench, then straighten the root system and let it extend freely in all directions, and finally firm the cultivated soil and water once to settle the roots.

6. In areas with severe drought, watering should also be done multiple times to ensure that all plants survive in one planting, and then a layer of rice straw or plastic film should be spread under the tree to prevent soil from contaminating the mulberry fruit.

3. Water

Long-fruited mulberry mainly needs water during the sprouting period after spring pruning and the sprouting period after summer pruning. These two periods have a great need for water, and water should be replenished in time.

4. Fertilizer

1. After the last autumn fruit harvest is completed each year, trenches should be opened in the middle of the planting row to heavily apply the base fertilizer for the next year. Farmyard organic fertilizer and human and livestock manure, etc. should be heavily applied, supplemented by 50kg of compound fertilizer per mu, which can promote flower bud differentiation and lay the foundation for another high yield the following year.

2. After summer pruning in early June, organic fertilizer should be heavily applied, mainly chicken manure and soybean cake, supplemented by imported compound fertilizer and urea at 20kg per mu, which can effectively promote flower bud differentiation and formation.

3. After each fruit harvest, compression pruning should be carried out immediately at the top of the panicle, and 0.2kg of compound fertilizer, 0.3kg of potassium fertilizer, and 5kg of manure water should be applied to each plant. When the first shoot turns green, spray paclobutrazol or other shoot-promoting agents to make it flower.

4. During the flowering period and young fruit period, spray the leaves once each time with a mixed solution of 0.25% concentration monopotassium phosphate and natural brassin, which can increase the sugar content of long-fruited mulberry, make the fruit mature early, and make long-fruited mulberry stable and increased in yield.

5. Shaping and pruning

1. After the seedlings are planted, shorten and determine the trunk at a place 20cm-25cm above the ground.

2. In the first year, each long-fruited mulberry plant can sprout 5-6 new shoots. When the new shoots grow to 20cm, pinch them to produce many fruiting branches.

3. In the second year, after fruit harvesting is completed, summer pruning should be carried out according to the tree shape of the whole tree. While controlling the height of the main trunk, excess weeping branches should be cut off. The fruiting mother branches can be retained with 2-3 buds and shortened, so that new shoots can sprout as mother branches for the next year.

4. When pruning in winter, the weak branches sprouted in summer and the degraded fruiting mother branches should be appropriately shortened, cutting off 20cm-25cm from the tips of the branches.

6. Pest and disease control

The main diseases of long-fruited mulberry are brown spot disease, anthracnose, powdery mildew, etc. The main pests are mulberry geometrid, mulberry tussock moth, rhombic-marked leafhopper, mulberry longhorn beetle, etc. Before the fruit tree sprouts, spray 3 degrees Baume lime sulfur mixture to disinfect the whole branch.

1. Mulberry tussock moth and brown spot disease: In the high-temperature and rainy season from July to September, spray 40% omethoate 1200-fold solution or decamethrin 2000-fold solution plus 75% thiophanate-methyl 1200-fold solution or 75% chlorothalonil 800-fold solution, spraying once every 10-15 days.

2. Mulberry longhorn beetle: For larvae, inject medicine into the bore holes or insert medicine sticks to kill them; adults can be caught manually.