Soilless cultivation formulas, including substrate formulas and nutrient solution formulas
AbstractSoilless cultivation substrate formula: sand, vermiculite, ceramsite, rock wool, perlite, sawdust, rice hulls, peat, etc. can be used. If cultivating tomato and cucumber vegetables, a mixed substrate of peat and vermiculite is better. Soilless cultivation nutrient solution formula: magnesium sulfate, chelated iron, calcium nitrate, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium nitrate, potassium hydrogen sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, trace element solution and other ingredients can be used to prepare a suitable nutrient solution in different proportions according to different plant varieties.
I. Soilless cultivation substrate formula
1. Solanaceous vegetables generally use substrate cultivation. Commonly used substrates include sand, vermiculite, ceramsite, rock wool, perlite, sawdust, rice hulls, peat, etc. Among them, the mixed substrate of peat and vermiculite has a better effect on cultivating tomato and cucumber vegetables.
2. During transportation, most peat has already caked and air-dried, so it must be crushed into 1-5 mm fibrous or granular particles.
3. Before mixing the substrate, the pH, electrical conductivity and nutrient element content of each material need to be measured separately, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of peat also needs to be measured.
4. The mixed substrate used is prepared from 388 L peat and 388 L vermiculite in equal amounts, then 4540 g lime powder, 908 g superphosphate (20% P2O5), potassium nitrate (14-0-44. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents are the same below) 454 g, 28 g chelated iron (10% iron), 23 g boric acid (17.48%) are added.
5. Chelated iron and potassium nitrate need to be dissolved in hot water and then sprinkled into the substrate. Lime, stone powder and superphosphate need to be crushed, stirred evenly and put into the substrate, and the substrate should immediately be loaded into the cultivation trough, after which crops can be planted.
II. Soilless cultivation nutrient solution formula
1. After crops are planted, different cultivation substrates and crop growth stages need to be matched with different nutrient solutions.
2. Nutrient solution formula for cultivating tomatoes in a peat-vermiculite substrate: during the growth stage, 1000 L contains 500 g magnesium sulfate, 25 g chelated iron, 100 g potassium sulfate, 200 g potassium nitrate, 200 g potassium nitrate, 270 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 270 g potassium hydrogen sulfate, 500 g calcium nitrate, and 150 mL trace element solution.
3. During the harvest stage, the calcium nitrate content can be increased to 680 g, and the other nutrient elements do not need to be changed.
4. Nutrient solution formula for cultivating cucumbers: during the growth stage, 1000 L contains 500 g magnesium sulfate, 25 g chelated iron, 200 g potassium nitrate, 270 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 680 g calcium nitrate, and 150 mL of each trace element solution.
5. During the harvest stage, the calcium nitrate content can be increased to 1357 g, and the other nutrients do not need to be changed.
6. Every 300 mL of the trace element solution contains 0.1 g molybdic acid, 0.8 g zinc sulfate, 0.25 g copper chloride, 4.5 g manganese chloride, and 5.0 g boric acid.