Detailed Explanation of Key Wheat Cultivation and Management Techniques

SummaryTailored to seedling conditions: High-yield fields need flower-preserving fertilizer and jointing fertilizer, while weak-gluten wheat should focus on jointing fertilizer and must not be given flower-preserving fertilizer. Clearing ditches and improving soil moisture: Ditches should be cleared and soil moisture improved in a timely manner to ensure smooth drainage; dryland wheat stubble fields should be protected from drought after spring. Chemical weed control: Strengthen the “one spray, three preventions” work, control weed damage, and strengthen the prevention and control of pests and diseases. Defending against freeze damage: If wheat seedlings suffer freeze damage, topdressing should be carried out as early as possible for remediation. Preventing lodging: For wheat fields at risk of lodging, measures to control excessive growth and prevent lodging should be strengthened.

1. Tailor measures to seedling conditions and apply jointing fertilizer well

1. The focus of spring management is first to promote tillering, and 30 jin per mu of Fakuaikuai + ammonium nitrate phosphorus can be used.

2. Then apply jointing fertilizer well. At the beginning of spring, inspect seedlings in a timely manner. For wheat seedlings whose population is too small at greening and whose number of ears may be insufficient, as well as wheat fields with severe yellowing due to exhaustion, apply jointing fertilizer early to promote weak seedlings turning strong and strive for sufficient ears.

3. For first- and second-class wheat fields with suitable population stem-tiller numbers, topdress jointing fertilizer when leaf color fades normally, the first internode at the plant base is close to fixed length, the second internode has elongated 1-2 cm, and the remaining leaf age is about 2.5, which is conducive to cultivating strong stems and large ears.

4. Jointing fertilizer can generally apply 5-8 kg of urea per mu and 10-15 kg of ternary high-efficiency compound fertilizer (N, P2O5, K2O each 15%).

5. For wheat fields with an excessively large population and leaf color that has not faded normally, jointing fertilizer should be appropriately delayed, and no fertilizer should be applied until the leaf color fades.

6. High-yield fields also advocate applying flower-preserving fertilizer, also called booting fertilizer, applied when half of the flag leaf is exposed, with a significant effect of increasing grains and weight; generally 5-8 kg of urea can be topdressed per mu.

7. But for weak-gluten wheat, nitrogen application should be moved earlier, focusing on jointing fertilizer, and it is not suitable to topdress flower-preserving fertilizer.

2. Clear ditches and improve soil moisture, prevent waterlogging and drought

1. After sowing wheat seedlings, clear ditches and improve soil moisture in a timely manner, dredge the ditch systems inside and outside the field, ensure smooth drainage, and achieve dry fields after rain stops and no water accumulation in ditches.

2. In the Huaibei wheat area, especially dryland wheat stubble fields, attention should be paid to drought prevention after spring, and the three ditches should be cleared in a timely manner to facilitate good jointing and booting irrigation in the middle and late stages.

3. Carry out chemical weed control at the appropriate time

1. In spring, carry out chemical weed control in a timely manner according to weed growth to control weed damage, and pay attention to safe pesticide use and prevention of freeze-related pesticide damage.

2. Pay attention to strengthening the prevention and control of wheat sheath blight, powdery mildew, fusarium head blight, and other pests and diseases. If pests and diseases appear, apply pesticides in a timely manner.

3. For powdery mildew and sheath blight, the main thing is to prevent overly late control; for fusarium head blight, the key is that the timing of pesticide application must be scientific.

4. It is necessary to highlight and strengthen the “one spray, three preventions” work, and combine pest and disease control with mixed spraying of pesticides and fertilizers, which can achieve multiple preventions in one spray, preserve greenness and prevent premature aging, and preserve grains and increase weight.

4. Defend against freeze damage and remediate early

1. The risk of freeze damage in spring is relatively high. If wheat suffers freeze damage, investigate the freezing degree of young ears in a timely manner 2-3 days after the freeze damage occurs. For wheat fields with a freezing death rate exceeding 10%, topdress as early as possible.

2. For wheat fields with a young ear freezing death rate of 10%-30%, apply about 5 kg of urea per mu; for wheat fields with a death rate of 30%-50%, apply 7-10 kg of urea per mu; for wheat fields with a death rate above 50%, apply 12-15 kg of urea per mu, striving for small tillers and high-node tillers to form ears, so as to recover yield losses.

5. Prevent lodging

1. For wheat fields with an excessively large population and risk of lodging, strengthen excessive growth control and lodging prevention, and strictly control fertilization in early spring.

2. Suppress before jointing; vigorous seedlings should be suppressed heavily, generally once, with the control effect lasting about 1 week.

3. For vigorous seedlings, suppress once about every 10 days, continuously 2-3 times. Suppression is not suitable when the soil is too wet, there is dew, the soil is frozen, or the soil is saline-alkaline.

4. Wheat cannot be suppressed after jointing; for chemical control, spray growth inhibitors on the leaves from the 5th leaf from the top to the early 4th leaf from the top, which can control excessive growth and prevent lodging.