Detailed Explanation of Key Peanut Cultivation and Management Techniques

SummaryLand preparation and fertilization: Peanuts should be planted in loose soil, then the soil should be deep-plowed 3-4 times, and base fertilizer applied before sowing. Seed selection and sowing: Select plump, larger seeds, sun-dry them, and then sow properly. Thinning and replanting: After the seedlings emerge uniformly, thin and replant as appropriate. Rational fertilization: Peanuts are heavy feeders; during the pod-setting stage, calcium fertilizer and sulfur fertilizer should be applied together with boron and molybdenum. Pest and disease control: Pay attention to controlling rust disease and leaf spot disease; field mice can be controlled by trap baiting.

I. Land Preparation and Fertilization

1. Peanuts are suitable for planting in loose soil. Soil that is too sticky or too hard is not conducive to peanut growth, nor is it suitable for continuous cropping, as this will reduce the organic matter content of the soil and make pests and diseases more severe.

2. After selecting the planting site, in order to fully mature and loosen the soil, the soil can be deep-plowed about 3-4 times, then base fertilizer applied. About 2000-3000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure per mu, or about 300 kg of compound fertilizer per mu, can be applied.

II. Seed Selection and Sowing

1. Before sowing, seeds need to be selected, which helps improve yield and quality. Seeds that are larger and relatively plump should be chosen for planting. Seeds must be sun-dried before sowing.

2. Dibbling is usually used for sowing. Holes can be opened at a plant spacing of about 20 cm and a row spacing of about 40 cm. About 3-4 seeds can be placed in each hole, then covered with a thin layer of soil.

3. In addition, a thin layer of fertilizer can be spread on the surface to help promote seedling growth. Temperature must be well controlled; if the temperature is too low, it will affect the seed germination rate, so a layer of insulating plastic film needs to be covered to help promote rapid seed germination.

III. Thinning and Replanting

1. After the seedlings emerge, be sure to pay attention to their growth. When the seedlings have emerged uniformly, thinning and replanting can begin.

2. Seedlings that are too densely growing should be thinned promptly, and gaps should be replanted promptly, so that the seedlings are evenly distributed, which helps increase seedling growth speed and improve yield.

IV. Rational Fertilization

1. Peanuts are a crop that fairly heavy feeders. During the pod-setting stage, to ensure sufficient nutrition for the peanuts, calcium fertilizer and sulfur fertilizer can be applied together with boron and molybdenum, which helps promote plant growth.

2. About 15-25 days after the pegs enter the soil, about 10-15 kg of gypsum per mu can be applied. At the early flowering stage, about 45-65 kg per mu of a 0.2% borax solution can be used for spraying. During the growth period, about 50 kg of a 0.1% ammonium molybdate aqueous solution can be sprayed on the leaves 1-2 times.

V. Pest and Disease Control

1. Common peanut diseases include rust disease and leaf spot disease. For rust disease, about 30-40 ml per mu of 20% triadimefon emulsifiable concentrate can be mixed with 40 kg of water for control. For leaf spot disease, about 70-80 kg per mu of a 75% thiophanate 1000-fold solution, or about 70-80 kg per mu of a 50% carbendazim 800-1000-fold solution, can be used for control.