What are the key points of grape cultivation techniques?
SummaryGrowth environment and conditions: It should be planted in flat land, sheltered from the wind and facing the sun, in a ventilated area with moderate moisture. The soil should be sandy soil with good permeability, fertility and drainage, and should not be exposed to direct strong light. Reasonable close planting: Select seedlings with plump buds and developed roots, and carry out reasonable close planting in February at a plant spacing of about 1 m and a row spacing of about 2-3 m. Water and fertilizer management: After planting, water thoroughly, drain promptly on rainy days, and fertilize about 8 times a year.
I. Growth environment and conditions of grapes
1. Grapes can be planted in most parts of our country. For planting grapes, flat land or small hills should be chosen, and the soil should preferably be sandy soil with good drainage, good aeration and fertility.
2. Grapes are suitable for growing in ventilated areas with moderate moisture. During the budding and flowering periods of grapes, if the humidity in the air is too high and the soil moisture content is too much, it is easy to cause diseases, thereby affecting yield. Grapes need a relatively large amount of water during the growth period, so the amount of watering can be appropriately increased, and when the fruit is ripe, watering should be controlled.
3. Grapes should be planted in a place sheltered from the wind and facing the sun. Grape vines are relatively afraid of wind. If there is strong wind, it is easy to cause the trellis to collapse and damage the vines, thereby affecting yield. Grapes are not suitable for planting in shaded areas. Insufficient light easily causes the vines to grow thin and slender, and also affects the normal photosynthesis of the leaves. In summer when the temperature is high, appropriate shading should be provided. During the fruit growth period, direct strong light is not suitable, as it easily causes sunburn.
II. Reasonable close planting
1. Before planting, seedlings with plump buds and developed roots should be selected, and then the roots of the seedlings should be wrapped with a wet cloth to avoid air-drying or dehydration.
2. Generally, grapes are best planted in spring and autumn. Planting at this time is conducive to improving the survival rate of the plants. The most suitable planting time is February in spring. When planting, reasonable close planting must be carried out, planting at a plant spacing of about 1 m and a row spacing of about 2-3 m.
3. First dig the planting trench, then dig and transplant at the same time according to a certain spacing, place the buds on the sunny side, then water thoroughly, cover the entire planting trench with a layer of plastic film, and finally seal the film opening with moist fine soil.
III. Water and fertilizer management
After planting, be sure to water thoroughly to keep the soil moist. If it has not rained for a long time, water should be replenished in time. If there is rainy weather, drainage should be carried out in time, otherwise root mildew is likely to occur. By the end of October to early November, sufficient base fertilizer can be applied, and the number of fertilizations per year is about 8.
IV. Pest and disease control
About 3 days after the seedlings are planted, spray 50% carbendazim 800-fold solution, or 50% thiram 700-fold solution, once every 7-10 days, or alternately use 70% thiophanate-methyl, which can effectively prevent white rot, black pox and other diseases. If insect pests are found, insecticides can be sprayed for control.