What are the growing conditions for Fritillaria cirrhosa? A detailed explanation of environmental requirements

SummaryFritillaria cirrhosa has the characteristics of cold tolerance, moisture preference, shade preference and fear of high humidity, so it likes cool climate conditions. When the air temperature reaches above 30°C, or when the soil temperature exceeds above 25°C, Fritillaria cirrhosa will show wilting, so it is not suitable for cultivation in areas with high temperatures and low altitude.

I. Growing conditions for Fritillaria cirrhosa

1. Fritillaria cirrhosa is mainly produced in Tibet, Yunnan, Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Qinghai, Ningxia and other regions. It likes cool climate conditions and has the characteristics of moisture preference, cold tolerance, shade preference and fear of high humidity. When the air temperature reaches above 30°C, or when the soil temperature exceeds above 25°C, the plants will show wilting, so they cannot survive in areas with high temperatures and low altitude.

2. When grown under completely unshaded conditions, it is easy for seedlings to be scorched to death in patches. Too strong sunlight will promote water evaporation from Fritillaria cirrhosa, and also strengthen respiration, which easily leads to a low drying rate of the bulbs, and the color is slightly yellow, making them prone to becoming “huangzi”, “ruanzi” and “youzi” after processing.

II. Cultivation methods for Fritillaria cirrhosa

1. Seed cultivation

(1) When Fritillaria cirrhosa is harvested from June to July, bulbs with a diameter of more than 1 cm, disease-free and undamaged, can be selected as seed. The bulbs need to be planted separately according to small, medium and large sizes. They can be planted while being dug, and 100 kg of bulbs can be used per mu.

(2) In March of the second year after planting, before the seeds emerge, an appropriate amount of glyphosate can be sprayed. Then after emergence in early April, weeds should be pulled out in time and an appropriate amount of human and livestock manure water should be applied. From late April to early May, another topdressing should be carried out. When the fruits are plump and swollen from July to August, and the fruit shells turn yellow-brown or brown, and the seeds have dried and filled, cut off the fruits. They can be threshed fresh or subjected to after-ripening treatment with the fruit shells.

2. After-ripening treatment

(1) For shelled seeds of Fritillaria cirrhosa, sieved fine humus soil should be used, with a moisture content lower than 10%. Place one layer of fruits and one layer of soil, then put them into a breathable wooden box and place it in a cool, humid place.

(2) Threshed seeds and humus soil should be mixed and stored indoors in a ratio of 1:4, or in a breathable wooden box. During storage, the soil should be kept moist. After the fruit skin swells for about 40 days, when the embryo length exceeds 2/3 of the longitudinal axis of the seed and the tip of the embryo is curved, sowing can be carried out after the embryo morphology has matured.

3. Land selection

The cultivation site for Fritillaria cirrhosa needs to be selected on a wind-sheltered shady mountain or semi-shady mountain. During this period, it should be kept away from wheat crops to avoid infection with rust disease. Loam soil or oil sandy soil with deep soil layers, loose texture and rich humus content is suitable. On raw wasteland plots, one season of hemp can be planted, which has the effect of maturing the land, cleaning up weeds, improving soil structure and increasing organic matter.

4. Land preparation

Land preparation needs to be carried out before freezing, and weeds on the ground should be cleared. Deep ploughing and fine harrowing should be carried out, and beds 1.3 m wide should be made. Per mu, apply 50 kg of calcium superphosphate, 100 kg of oil cake and 1500 kg of barnyard manure. After composting and decomposing, spread them on the bed surface and carry out shallow turning. The bed surface should be arched.

5. Sowing methods

(1) Drilling: Open horizontal furrows on the bed surface with a depth of 1.5-2 cm, then evenly scatter seeds mixed with fine soil or plant ash into the furrows, and cover with 3 cm of sieved fine humus soil. During this period, mountain grass or leafless branches can be used to cover the bed surface. The seeding rate per mu is 2-2.5 kg.

(2) Broadcasting: Evenly scatter the seeds on the bed surface. It is suitable to scatter 3000-5000 seeds per square meter, and cover with 3 cm of sieved fine humus soil. During this period, mountain grass or leafless branches can be used to cover the bed surface.

(3) Dibbling: Carry out dibbling when the fruits are not yet dry. During this period, divide the undried fruits into 3 segments, open holes on the bed surface at a spacing of 5-6 cm between plants and rows, scatter 1 segment of Fritillaria cirrhosa into each hole, and cover with 3 cm of soil. This method is relatively labor-intensive, but the seedling emergence rate is very high.