Detailed Explanation of Key Field Management Techniques for Eggplant
SummaryLight: Eggplant likes light, and light should be ensured during the growth process. Temperature: After planting, the vents need to be closed to let the temperature rise to about 35°C; after the plants survive, normal conditions can be restored, and the temperature difference between day and night should not be too large. Humidity: The amount of watering should not be too large, and after watering, ventilate in time to remove moisture. Pruning: After fruit set, prune to promote branching, keep 3 main heads, and remove all other side branches. Fertilization: Eggplant likes fertilizer; during the swelling stage, nitrogen fertilizer or diluted farmyard manure can be applied. Pests and diseases: Actively prevent and control pests and diseases.
I. Light Requirements
Eggplant is relatively fond of light. In order to meet the light needed for eggplant growth, the greenhouse film should be kept clean, thereby improving the film's light transmittance.
II. Temperature Requirements
1. After eggplant is planted, in order to increase the temperature inside the greenhouse, all vents should be closed to let the temperature rise to about 35°C. After the eggplant survives, it can grow normally, and it is enough for the daytime temperature to remain stable at about 28-30°C.
2. If the temperature reaches above 30°C, ventilation can be carried out appropriately, which is more conducive to eggplant growth. If the daytime temperature is below 18°C, do not ventilate for the time being. The temperature difference between day and night should not be too large, and at night it should remain at about 13-15°C, which helps eggplant grow faster.
III. Suitable Humidity
When planting eggplant in a greenhouse, the amount of watering must be well controlled and should not be excessive. After each watering, ventilate in time to remove moisture, so as to avoid an increase in air humidity inside the greenhouse.
IV. Reasonable Pruning
Generally, after the first fruit of the eggplant sets, keep the axillary buds of the leaves below the first fruit and let them form branches. Then, after the main stem and two side branches form 3 main heads, in order to avoid nutrient loss, all the remaining side branches can be removed. At the same time, in order to improve ventilation and light transmission, only 2 robust leaves are kept below each growing eggplant, and all other leaves are removed, which also helps reduce the incidence of diseases.
V. Reasonable Fertilization
Eggplant is relatively fond of fertilizer. After the eggplant has recovered from transplanting, fertilization can be carried out together with intertillage, applying about 100 kg of farmyard manure per mu. During the swelling stage of the four-fruit cluster of eggplant, nitrogen fertilizer or diluted farmyard manure can be applied once. For eggplant that grows relatively long, in order to extend leaf age and promote fruit growth, topdressing should be carried out appropriately.
VI. Prevention and Control of Pests and Diseases
1. Common pests and diseases of eggplant include eggplant brown spot disease, eggplant phytophthora blight, red spider mites, and white spider mites. In the early stage of disease occurrence, 65% zineb wettable powder 500 times solution, or 58% metalaxyl-mancozeb wettable powder 500 times solution, or 70% chlorothalonil wettable powder 500-600 times solution can be sprayed for control.
2. During the adult plant and fruiting stages, to control eggplant brown spot disease, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times solution can be sprayed. To control red spider mites, 0.9% Jiqi chongmanke emulsifiable concentrate 1500-2000 times solution, or 15% saomanjing emulsifiable concentrate 1000-1500 times solution, or 15% pyridaben emulsifiable concentrate 1000-1500 times solution, etc. can be used.