A Detailed Guide to Planting Time and Methods for Common Beans

SummaryCommon bean planting time: in spring, sowing is generally done from February to April; in summer and autumn, sowing is generally done from May to August; in greenhouses, planting can be done all year round. Site selection: choose a sandy loam plot with loose soil and rich organic matter. Fertilization: apply fertilizer by the hole or furrow method, and for chemical fertilizers, apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and less nitrogen fertilizer. Sowing rate: about 5-8 kg per mu. Watering: water sparingly before flowering, and do not water unless the soil is dry; from flowering to the pod-setting stage, water once every 2-3 days.

I. Common Bean Planting Time

1. Spring planting: sowing and raising seedlings are generally carried out from February to late March, transplanting is carried out from late March to late April, and harvest can be done from June to August.

2. Summer and autumn planting: sowing and raising seedlings are generally carried out from May to August, and harvest can be done from early July to late October.

3. Greenhouse planting: can be carried out all year round.

II. Site Selection and Fertilization

1. Site selection: for planting common beans, it is best to choose a sandy loam site with relatively flat terrain, loose soil, good drainage and irrigation conditions, rich organic matter, deep soil layer, and good water and fertilizer retention. Common beans are not suitable for continuous cropping with leguminous crops, nor for planting in plots with poor drainage, heavy clay soil, or pesticide residues.

2. Fertilization: fertilizer can be applied by the hole or furrow method. Per mu, 2 tonnes of high-quality decomposed farmyard manure can be applied. For chemical fertilizers, apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and less nitrogen fertilizer. Per mu, 10 kg of diammonium phosphate, 4 kg of urea, and 4-5 kg of potassium fertilizer can be applied.

III. Reasonable Sowing

1. Sowing rate: the sowing rate is determined by seed size, germination rate, and planting density. For small-seeded varieties, the sowing rate is about 5 kg per mu; for large-seeded varieties, the sowing rate is about 8 kg per mu; for large-seeded varieties intercropped with corn and climbing varieties, it is about 3 kg per mu.

2. Seed treatment: before sowing, select new seeds with uniform color and plump, even size for planting. After selecting the seeds, dry them in the sun for about 1-2 days, which helps promote after-ripening of the seeds and improve the germination rate.

3. Sowing method: choose the sowing method according to the size of the area. For small areas, options include furrow drilling, manual hole sowing, and sowing with a manual spot seeder; for large areas, use a precision spot seeder.

4. Sowing depth: sowing depth also varies with different soil types. For heavy clay soil, it is about 2.5-5 cm; for light loam soil, it is about 5-10 cm.

5. Sowing density: for dwarf varieties sown in holes, the row spacing is about 65-70 cm, the plant spacing is about 30 cm, about 4-5 seeds can be sown per hole, and about 12,000-15,000 plants can be planted per mu. For climbing varieties in monoculture sown in holes, the row spacing is about 65-70 cm, the plant spacing is about 40 cm, about 3-4 seeds per hole, and about 8,000-10,000 plants can be planted per mu.

IV. Later Management

1. Cultivation and weeding: during the seedling stage, cultivation and weeding can be carried out about 2-3 times.

2. Watering: water a small amount before flowering, and no watering is needed if the soil is not dry. From flowering to the pod-setting stage, the amount of watering should be appropriately increased, and watering can be done once every 2-3 days. When summer temperatures are high, the number of waterings should be increased. If there is standing water in the field during rainy weather, drainage must be carried out promptly.

2. Topdressing: apply sufficient base fertilizer before planting, and no topdressing is needed during the seedling stage. At the early flowering stage, about 10-15 kg per mu of phosphorus-nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer can be applied.

V. Pest and Disease Control

1. Damping-off: before sowing, first soak the common bean seeds, then dry them, and mix 70% hymexazol evenly with the common bean seeds in a certain proportion.

2. Bean aphid: use a 2000-fold dilution of 10% imidacloprid for control.

3. Whitefly: spray a 1000-1500-fold dilution of 25% buprofezin for control.

4. Rust: use an 800-1000-fold dilution of 50% carboxin for control, spraying once every week.

5. Anthracnose: apply an 800-fold dilution of 70% thiophanate-methyl for control, spraying once every week.