Key Technical Points and Management Methods for Open-Field Vegetable Cultivation
AbstractSelect vegetable varieties suitable for local cultivation, then carry out land preparation. Nutrient-pot seedling raising, substrate seedling raising, and vegetable grafting techniques may be used, and the succession of crops should be arranged reasonably during this period. Apply organic and inorganic compound fertilizers and vegetable-specific fertilizers, and strengthen comprehensive pest and disease control, and use chemical pesticides reasonably.
I. Open-Field Vegetable Cultivation Varieties
Common varieties for open-field vegetable cultivation include chili pepper, cucumber, cabbage, spinach, radish, tomato, carrot, bottle gourd, bok choy, and oilseed rape greens, etc.
II. Techniques and Methods for Open-Field Vegetable Cultivation
1. Land preparation should be carried out before sowing; the dead branches and rotten leaves left over from the previous crop should be burned and then deeply buried.
2. Select vegetable varieties that are resistant to pests and diseases, highly resistant to stress, of high quality and high yield, with good marketable properties, and suitable for local cultivation.
3. Use nutrient-pot seedling raising, substrate seedling raising, and vegetable grafting techniques to further improve seedling-raising facilities and raise the level of seedling production, cultivate high-quality strong seedlings, and carry out hardening of seedlings before transplanting, laying a good foundation for efficient production of pollution-free vegetables.
4. It is necessary to adjust and optimize the planting structure and arrange the succession of crops reasonably; three-dimensional planting and off-season cultivation (protected cultivation) may be adopted to achieve diversification of structure and diversification of production, and to make full use of time, space, soil fertility, and seasonal differences, so as to achieve the goal of high quality and high yield.
5. Actively use new vegetable production techniques; for protected cultivation, apply carbon dioxide fertilization, subsurface irrigation, drip irrigation, shade nets, new covering materials, substrate cultivation, aphid-repelling film, etc.; for open-field cultivation, adopt new techniques such as plastic film mulching, drip irrigation, and sprinkler irrigation.
6. Soil fertility-building techniques can be vigorously promoted, which helps reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers, and increase the input and use of organic fertilizers, further establishing a scientific and reasonable cropping system.
7. Promote and apply organic and inorganic compound fertilizers, vegetable-specific fertilizers, and biological fertilizers; adopt soil-testing formula fertilization techniques and promote formula fertilizers, which can reduce the adverse effects of chemical fertilizers on vegetable quality and soil structure.
8. During the cultivation process, comprehensive pest and disease control should be strengthened, and agricultural, biological, and other control methods should be widely applied, and chemical pesticides should be used reasonably.
9. The use of restricted chemically synthesized pesticides is prohibited; further promote and apply low-toxicity, high-efficiency, low-residue chemical pesticides, and strictly control the pesticide dosage, variety, timing, frequency, and other application procedures.
10. Apply pesticide control as far as possible at the initial stage of weed growth; this can reduce the pollution and residues of the agent on vegetables, and at the same time achieve a very good weed control effect.
11. When treating the soil with herbicide, the soil surface should be fine, crumbly, moist, and level; this can ensure uniform application, and can also create good conditions for weed germination, promoting uniform weed germination, so that most weeds can be removed with a single application.