Yam planting methods and key technical points: the growing environment is crucial

AbstractSeedling raising method: dig a pit cellar, cut the yam into pieces and air-dry them, soak them in titanium-zinc-manganese-sen solution for disinfection, air-dry them again, then place them in the pit cellar, sprinkle 3 cm of wet sandy soil and water an appropriate amount. Planting method: input 300-500 jin of soybeans per mu, 400-600 jin of organic fertilizer, open the furrows well, place the yams neatly into the furrows, cover with a layer of soil and water thoroughly. Fertilization management: carry out 2-3 topdressings during the growing period. Pest and disease control: spray 65% zineb for control.

1. Seedling raising method

Before planting yams, you first need to dig a pit cellar, then cut the yams into pieces and air-dry them, then soak them in titanium-zinc-manganese-sen solution for half a minute for disinfection, air-dry them again, and place them neatly in the pit cellar. Sprinkle 3 cm of wet sandy soil on top; yams can continue to be placed on top of the sandy soil, generally 3-4 layers is enough, then water an appropriate amount.

2. Planting method

1. Generally, 300-500 jin of soybeans can be input per mu, because after soybeans are fermented and decomposed, or decomposed by soil microorganisms, they produce amino acids, polypeptides, a small amount of carbohydrates, vitamins, flavonoids and other substances. The polypeptides and amino acids among them can provide the necessary organic nitrogen source for microorganisms in the soil.

2. At the same time, they can be directly absorbed and used by the yam root system, which helps promote robust yam growth and improve quality. In addition, 400-600 jin of organic fertilizer and 1 bag of special insecticide for yams can be applied, mixed evenly with soil and spread on the ground surface. At the same time, the plot must be deep-plowed so that the fertilizer fully reaches the lower layers, then compacted with a vehicle, and furrows opened again.

3. The suitable furrow spacing is 40-60 cm, and the furrow depth is 160-180 cm. Then tread the furrow sections firm by hand, use a plow head to open a narrow furrow at one end of the furrow top, place the yams neatly into the furrow, placing one yam every 10 cm. After placing them, cover with a layer of soil, water promptly after covering, then spray the special herbicide for yams.

3. Fertilization management

1. When planting, apply sufficient basal fertilizer. In other growth stages, only 2-3 topdressings are needed. During this period, dig a 6-10 cm fertilization furrow not far from the plants, then put in fully decomposed organic farmyard manure.

2. Although the yam root system is relatively shallow, both the upper and lower surfaces of yam leaves have relatively thick cuticles, so they are very drought-tolerant. During the entire growth process of yams, only 5-7 irrigations are needed. When transplanting, water thoroughly with the transplanting water.

4. Pest and disease control

1. The main pests of yams include mole crickets, white grubs and wireworms. During this period, deep plowing of the land can be carried out before winter, with a depth of at least 25-30 cm, which helps turn the larvae up to the surface so they are dried to death, frozen to death, or preyed on by natural enemies.

2. The main diseases of yams include anthracnose and brown spot disease. The general control method is to clean the field and eliminate the source of inoculum. When diseased leaves are found in the plot, the diseased leaves must be cut off immediately, then spray 65% zineb for control, spraying once every 7 days, and continuously spraying 2-3 times is enough.

5. Timely harvesting

By late October to November, when the stems and leaves of the yam have all withered, its underground tubers have already entered a dormant state. At this time, it can be harvested for sale, or after harvesting, the yams can be stored in a cellar.