Wood ear mushroom cultivation methods and techniques, with cost and profit analysis

AbstractAfter selecting a suitable variety, birch-type tree species grown for 10 years are cut into 1-1.5 m log sections, dried in the sun for 30 days, and then inoculated; holes are drilled into the log sections with an electric drill, and then sawdust spawn is inserted into the holes, keeping the temperature at 20-28°C and the humidity controlled at 90-95%. The total cultivation cost is 17,300 yuan/mu, the profit from cultivation on ordinary plots is 10,000-15,000 yuan/mu, and the profit from hanging-bag cultivation is 30,000-40,000 yuan/mu.

I. Methods for cultivating wood ear mushrooms

1. Selecting varieties

(1) According to their shape, wood ear mushroom varieties can generally be divided into two major categories: flower-shaped and sheet-shaped. Each of these two categories has its advantages. The flower-shaped type has a relatively high yield, while the sheet-shaped type is spread out and looks clean and is easy to wash, so it is deeply loved by consumers and sells relatively well on the market.

(2) Generally, variety selection can be based on the climate, geographical environment, and market sales conditions of the region, combined with the adaptability and resistance of the variety for cultivation.

2. Cultivation environment

(1) Artificially cultivated wood ear mushrooms mainly use broadleaf tree log sections suitable for the growth of the spawn, and after artificial inoculation, an environment in which they can grow is provided for cultivation.

(2) Before cultivation, a suitable site must be selected. During this period, it requires sufficient sunlight, warmth and humidity, and cleanliness. Then, suitable birch-type tree species grown for about 10 years are selected, cut into log sections of about 1-1.5 m, and after being dried in the sun for about 30 days, they can be inoculated.

3. Inoculation and cultivation

(1) Artificial inoculation is relatively critical for cultivation. First, the temperature must be suitable for the growth of wood ear mushroom mycelium, and a temperature of 15-28°C is relatively suitable. Sawdust-type inoculation can be used, which means drilling holes into sterilized log sections with an electric drill, with a depth of about 2 cm and a hole spacing of about 5X10 cm.

(2) Then insert the sawdust spawn into the holes, and cover the surface tightly with bark, which helps maintain moisture. After inoculation, stack and arrange the log sections into a certain shape, ensuring the temperature is between 20-28°C. The spawn will begin to grow only under conditions of high temperature, high humidity, and good ventilation.

4. Daily management

(1) After the mycelium survives, it will begin to spread and expand. At this stage, it is necessary to ensure that the humidity of the site is suitable, controlled between 90-95%, and to ensure sufficient sunlight. There must be ventilation between the wood ear mushrooms. During this period, the wood ear mushrooms can be arranged in a crossed and built-up form.

(2) In addition, a proper amount of water must be sprayed on the wood ear logs at regular intervals, and the frequency and amount of water need to be adjusted according to actual conditions. If the weather is dry, more water can be sprayed, while spraying should be stopped in rainy weather. After about 40-60 days, the wood ear mushrooms will gradually grow out, and after they grow out, they can be harvested in batches multiple times.

II. Analysis of the cost and profit of cultivating wood ear mushrooms

1. Generally, different cultivation methods also result in different cultivation costs. Among them, the production equipment cost required for plot cultivation of wood ear mushrooms is about 1,800 yuan, the labor cost is about 6,250 yuan, and the total cost is about 17,300 yuan/mu.

2. The profit from plot cultivation of wood ear mushrooms can reach about 10,000-15,000 yuan/mu, while the profit from hanging-bag cultivation of wood ear mushrooms can reach about 30,000-40,000 yuan/mu.