What pesticides work well for sugarcane cultivation?
Sugarcane is a common fruit in daily life, deeply loved by people for its juicy and sweet taste, and it is grown in many regions. However, during cultivation, various pests and diseases can appear. So what pesticides should be used for sugarcane?
1. Pineapple disease
Pineapple disease is a fungal disease that mainly infects sugarcane seed cane, preventing it from sprouting and causing serious losses. Factors unfavorable to sprouting of sugarcane seedlings, such as low temperature, high humidity, prolonged rainy weather, or excessive drought, can all induce the occurrence of this disease.
Control methods:
(1) Select disease-resistant varieties.
(2) Disinfect seed cane. Soak the seed cane for 10 min in a 1000-fold solution of 50% carbendazim or thiophanate.
(3) After stripping the sheaths from the seed cane, soak it in 2% limewater for 12—24h, or soak it in clear water for 1—2 days.
(4) Practice paddy-upland rotation.
2. Red rot
Red rot is a fungal disease. It mainly damages sugarcane stalks and leaf midribs. In the early stage, the affected stalk shows no symptoms on the outside. When the stalk is cut lengthwise, the cane flesh appears red, with white round or elongated patches perpendicular to the stalk mixed in the middle, giving off a sour starch-fermentation odor. The midrib of affected sugarcane leaves initially shows bright red small spots, which rapidly expand into spindle shapes; the center of the leaf dies and turns grayish white or straw yellow, while the edges are dark red. The suitable growth temperature for the pathogen is 27°C. It invades through borer holes, growth cracks, and other openings.
Control methods:
(1) Select disease-resistant varieties
(2) Add a 1500-fold suspension of 50% benomyl to 52°C warm water and soak the seed cane for 20—30min, or soak it in 52°C hot water and then in 0.2%—0.3% organic mercury agent for 2—3min.
(3) Eliminate borers in a timely manner.
(4) After sugarcane harvest, promptly burn diseased plants and diseased leaves.
3. Smut
Smut is a fungal disease. Its obvious feature is a black whip-like structure (smut whip) growing from the top of the sugarcane stalk; the whip is straight when short, and curled or bent when long, with no branches. Infected seed cane sprouts earlier, and the sugarcane plants grow weak and slender. The leaves are narrow and long, pale green, and the internodes are short. Ratoon cane, tiller stalks, and sugarcane fields that are dry, poor, and poorly managed have a higher incidence. High temperature and high humidity, the rainy season or water accumulation in sugarcane fields, and more rain after drought are favorable conditions for the occurrence of this disease. The main transmission medium is airflow.
Control methods:
(1) Select disease-resistant varieties.
(2) Disinfect seed cane. Soak the seed cane in 0.5% methoxyethylmercury chloride for 5min, or soak it in 50—52°C warm water for 20min.
(3) Apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer as appropriate to promote early and rapid growth of sugarcane.
(4) If diseased plants are found, pull them out promptly and burn them in a centralized manner.
(5) Practice crop rotation, and do not keep ratoon cane in affected areas.
4. Borers
Borers, also called sugarcane stem borers, have extremely strong reproductive capacity and no obvious dormant period. They harm sugarcane throughout the year, often boring into the interior of sugarcane and causing it to become hollow, and are prone to causing deadheart seedlings at the seedling stage. Even after growth, the plants are extremely weak and break easily. Their damage also easily invites the invasion of other diseases, causing great harm to sugarcane.
Control methods:
(1) At planting, use 5 kg per mu of dichlorvos for soil insects or 5 kg of soil insect killer or 5 kg of Miral granular formulation, mix with base fertilizer, and apply into the planting furrow, then plant and cover with soil. Afterward, combine with each hilling and apply the same amount mixed with fertilizer deeply.
(2) When a small number of deadheart seedlings appear at the seedling stage, use a knife to pry them out together with the roots and burn them in a centralized manner. In the middle and late stages, when a small number of stem borings are found, use a sharp knife to pierce into the borer hole to kill the larvae, or use a syringe to inject the pesticide solution directly into the borer tunnel.
(3) Large-area spraying. The pesticide must be selected accurately, and attention must be paid to mixing long-acting pesticides with fast-acting pesticides. The water volume per mu is 45—90 kg, focusing on spraying the heart leaves, leaf sheath forks, and borer holes. Recommended pesticide varieties are 5% fipronil 1000-fold or 98% cartap original powder 800-fold or 10% sumithion 1000-fold, etc., used alternately, and appropriately mixed with Kung Fu, Nongdile, Baishude, Sidijing, Keyaming, Supusha, phoxim, etc.