What are the planting time and field management guidelines for adzuki beans?
The adzuki bean is what we call red adzuki bean, adzuki bean, small red bean, five-color bean, rice bean, food bean, etc. It is grown all over the world, and China has the largest production area. The adzuki bean has certain edible and medicinal value, and its planting area has increased in recent years. Sowhen is the adzuki bean generally planted? What are the field management guidelines?
1. When is the adzuki bean generally planted?
The planting time for red adzuki beans is usually chosen at the turn of spring and summer, in May and June, as this period is favorable for the seeds of red adzuki beans to germinate. When planting, the sowing depth of the seeds should be appropriate, usually about 3 to 5 cm. In addition, before sowing, some manure should be applied to the soil, and the sowing row spacing of red adzuki beans should be controlled at about 50 cm, while 5 to 6 red adzuki bean seeds can be sown in each hole.
2. What are the field management guidelines for adzuki beans?
1. Fine land preparation
Autumn plowing depth 20—25 cm. In spring, harrow and level the soil and form ridges in time. When the soil alternates between freezing and thawing, carry out spring land preparation early to prevent soil moisture loss caused by spring drought. For plots plowed in autumn and ridged in autumn, press while ridging. For plots with stubble removal in autumn and ridging in spring, ridge when the soil is still frozen and press in time. Combined with spring land preparation, apply sufficient base fertilizer and increase the application of organic fertilizer (apply 666—1000 kg of farmyard manure per mu). Where conditions permit, increase the application of rhizobium fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
2. Intertillage and weeding
When the first pair of compound leaves unfolds, carry out the first intertillage and weeding; before flowering and pod setting, carry out the second and third intertillage and weeding.
3. Pest and disease control
The main pests and diseases include root rot, bacterial blight, sclerotinia rot, underground pests, aphids, red spider mites, etc. For seedling-stage diseases such as root rot, suitable seed coating agents may be selected or seed dressing with chemicals may be adopted, and suitable chemicals may be sprayed or poured at the early stage of the disease. For underground pests at the seedling stage such as cutworms and white grubs, poisonous bait may be used for control. For grassy weeds, suitable high-efficiency and low-toxicity herbicides may be selected. The use of herbicides should be completed under the guidance of agricultural technicians.
4. Water and fertilizer management
From the branching stage to the flowering stage, spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and multi-element microfertilizer aqueous solution 1—2 times; in the early flowering stage, combined with ridge closing, apply 2—3 kg of urea and 3—4 kg of potassium sulfate per mu. If drought occurs during the flowering stage, irrigate in time to prevent flower and pod drop and avoid affecting yield.
5. Timely harvest
When more than 80% of the pods are mature, harvest manually in one go in the morning while it is moist. For large-area planting plots, a combine harvester can be used for one-time harvest when 100% of the pods are mature; or when 80% of the pods are mature, first use machinery to cut them down and dry them for 4—6 days, then use machinery to pick them up and thresh them. After harvest, the adzuki beans should be protected from rain, dried and threshed in time, and stored in the warehouse when the moisture content is below 13%, taking care to prevent damage by bean weevils.