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What are the most common pests and diseases of Japanese euonymus (Euonymus japonicus)?
1. Box tree pyralid (Glyphodes perspectalis). The larvae spin silk to bind surrounding leaves and tender twigs into temporary nests, then feed inside them; in severe cases they eat all the leaves, causing the seedlings to die. Morphological features: the adult has grayish-white body and wings, with purplish-brown broad bands on the costal, outer and inner margins of the forewing; there are two white spots on the purplish-brown costal band, and the scales are glossy with a purplish-red sheen. The larva has a black head, a yellow-green body, and the dorsal line, subdorsal line and upper spiracular line are dark green to dark greenish-black, while the spiracular line is orange-yellow. Occurrence pattern: in northern regions there are 2 to 3 generations a year, with the larvae in
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