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Symptoms and Control Methods of Privet Leaf Rust
Privet, also known as wintergreen and wax insect tree, is an evergreen small tree native to China and Japan. It likes light and tolerates slight shade, prefers warm and humid conditions, is suitable for slightly alkaline soil, is slightly cold-resistant, and has strong resistance to air pollution. Privet is a commonly used landscaping tree in courtyards and can be used as hedges and courtyard landscaping trees. Symptoms: Round brown spots appear on the surface of infected leaves and gradually become sunken, while the corresponding parts on the back of the leaves bulge. The mesophyll of the diseased area thickens and turns yellow or purplish red, after which many cup-shaped rust spore receptacles grow on the raised spots. Rust spores
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What are the control methods for the Ligustrum looper moth?
The adult Ligustrum looper moth has wing patterns that slightly resemble the woven texture of a basket, with distinctive features, and a wingspan of about 9-10cm, making it a large moth. The larvae are grayish-black, or brightly colored in lighter shades; when young, the 2nd and 3rd body segments each bear two dorsal horns, and when nearly mature, the 2nd and 3rd segments swell and the area around the spiracles is vividly colored. When disturbed, the larvae can produce a cackling sound from their mouths. Adults emerge in June-July. Host plants include Ligustrum lucidum (glossy privet), Ligustrum sinense (Chinese privet), Ligustrum japonicum (Japanese privet), Fraxinus chinensis (Chinese ash), Osmanthus fragrans (sweet osmanthus), and others. Currently it is the period when older larvae are causing damage, and it is commonly seen in our area. Control methods:
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What are the control methods for scale insects on privet hedges?
In recent years, with the widespread use of golden privet (Ligustrum sinense 'Variegatum') and small-leaf privet (Ligustrum quihoui) in urban landscaping, pests and diseases on privet have become a major problem in garden maintenance and management. The scale insect occurring on Ligustrum landscaping plants is mainly the white wax scale (Ericerus pela). It has been reported that comstock mealybug (Pseudococcus comstocki) has occurred on privet hedges in Hebei. The identification characteristics and control measures of the white wax scale are described below: Distribution and damage. The white wax scale Ericerus pela (Chavannes) belongs to the order Homoptera, family Coccidae. It is widely distributed in China. It damages
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Identification Features and Control Methods of the Privet Looper
Scientific name: Naxa seriaria Motschulsky. Morphological features: The adult has a wingspan of about 40 mm, with a slender body that is yellow-white. The forewings and hindwings are thin, white, and slightly transparent, with two rows of black star-shaped spots along the outer margin, and each wing has a relatively large black spot in the middle. The forewing also has a row of dark brown spots near the basal angle. Newly laid eggs are white, gradually turning orange-red, glossy, and arranged in bead-like strings. The larva is about 30 mm long, dark brown, with indistinct black patterns and spots on its body. Except for the thoracic legs and the prolegs on the eighth and ninth abdominal segments, the prolegs on the other segments are all reduced, and each segment is covered with gray-white hairs. The pupa is yellow-brown with dark brown spots and patterns. Damage situation: This insect mainly damages privet (Ligustrum), water wax (Ligustrum obtusifolium), and osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans). It is a voracious leaf-eating pest that often gathers in groups and nibbles away the leaves. Especially when the population density is high, it can completely devour the leaves of an entire plant or a whole patch of water wax and privet in a short period, seriously affecting growth and ornamental value. Occurrence pattern: This insect has two generations per year and overwinters as middle-instar larvae on the tree canopy. Pupation begins in mid-May, and adults emerge at the end of May and in early June. Adults mate on silk webs and lay eggs in strings. After the eggs hatch, the larvae spin silk webs on the tree canopy and nibble the leaves until they are eaten up, then spread to neighboring canopies. The second-generation adults appear around August, and the adults are phototactic. Control methods: 1. During the peak emergence period of adults, use lights to trap and kill the adults. 2. The pupae and eggs are all attached to the insect silk webs near the tree canopy, so they can be searched for and removed. 3. In the early stage of larval hatching, spray 1-2 times with insecticides such as dichlorvos, trichlorfon, and omethoate at a 1000-fold dilution. This insect has strong resistance to pesticides, so spraying should be thorough and should be done early; otherwise, the efficacy will be affected.
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What are the control methods for the privet geometrid?
Distribution: distributed in Northeast China, Henan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang; also in Korea, Japan, and the Soviet Union. Damage: it harms water fir, privet, lilac, water wax, and small wax. The larvae spin silk webs and feed inside them. When the population is high, they form large silk webs that cover the entire tree, eating all the leaves, affecting tree growth and even causing the trees to die. Morphological characteristics: [Adult] body length 12-15 mm, wingspan 31-40 mm, body and wings white with a silky luster. The outer margin of the wings has 2 pairs of black dots, the outer row between the veins and the inner row on the veins; the forewing has at the upper end of the discal cell
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Symptoms and Control Methods of Smut Disease in the Medicinal Plant Sagittaria
Sagittaria, scientific name Sagittaria trifolia L., commonly known as arrowhead, belongs to the family Alismataceae. The whole plant and corms are used as medicine. It has the effects of clearing heat and stopping bleeding, detoxifying and reducing swelling, and dissipating nodules. It is also a vegetable for autumn and winter. It is mostly planted in rice fields after the rice harvest. It is distributed in all provinces and regions of northern and southern China. Symptoms mainly damage leaves, petioles, flowers and corms. On the leaves, yellow to orange-yellow, slightly raised blister spots of varying sizes first appear, and later the blister spots wither and yellow and rupture, releasing small black powder particles, which are the spore masses of the pathogen. Some diseased leaves are deformed and twisted. Leaf
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Symptom Identification and Control Methods of Soft Rot in Edible Fungi
Damage symptoms: White bead-like mycelial networks first appear on the surface of the casing soil on the bed. If not treated promptly, they quickly spread and turn water-red. Infection of the fruiting body starts from the stipe and extends to the cap, initially appearing water-soaked, then gradually turning brown, softening, and eventually rotting. Classification: A fungal disease caused by Verticillium dendroides. Disease characteristics: The casing soil carries the pathogen, which spreads mainly through airflow and water droplets in the mushroom house. Control methods: Strictly disinfect the casing soil to cut off the source of infection. When it occurs locally, spray a 2%-5% formaldehyde solution or 800 times
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Control methods for small fungal infections on shiitake mushroom logs
During the cultivation of edible mushrooms, small fungi such as Trichoderma spp., Penicillium spp., Aspergillus spp., and slime molds infect substitute substrate cultivation. Under conditions suitable for their growth and reproduction, they can likewise infect segment logs. The morphological characteristics and occurrence patterns of these small fungi have been described for oyster mushrooms and button mushrooms. Because cultivation forms differ, the control methods also differ slightly: if small fungal infection is found on any part of the mushroom log, a kerosene blowtorch can be aimed at the pathogen to burn it to death, and then the infected area should be coated with a layer of 5%-10% limewater or
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What are the control methods for Panellus stipticus?
Panellus stipticus is also known as the hemostatic fan mushroom. Taxonomically it belongs to the Basidiomycotina, Hymenomycetes, Agaricales, Tricholomataceae, and the genus Panellus. The fruiting bodies grow in groups or clusters, arranged in an imbricate (roof-tile-like) pattern. The cap is 1-3 cm in diameter, tough, kidney-shaped or semicircular, initially white, later turning dark yellow or cinnamon, with the surface cracking into bran-like scales and the margin inrolled. The stipe is lateral, thick and short, solid, the same color as the cap, with small scales covering the surface. The gills are narrow and crowded, yellow or cinnamon, darkening when dry, with cross-veins connecting the gills. This fungus is a wood-rotting macrofungus that frequently occurs on mushroom logs.
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What are the control methods for mold and rot in shiitake mushroom logs?
During the color-turning and fruiting period of bag-cultivated shiitake mushrooms, the rotting of the mushroom logs often affects the high quality and high yield of shiitake mushrooms. There are two types of manifestations of rotten mushroom logs. One type is the loosening and disintegration of the mushroom log. The mushroom log is loose and lacks elasticity, easily falling apart when touched by hand, and the culture material has no off odor. This mostly occurs when the mushroom log is opened from the bag for color turning or after 1-2 batches of mushrooms have already been produced. The main reasons are: during the mycelium growth process of the mushroom log, poor ventilation in the culture room causes severe oxygen deficiency, or certain mycelial heat is generated in the later stage of mycelial growth, and combined with high air temperature and failure to turn and stack the logs in time to dissipate heat, the temperature exceeds 35°C or above, causing part of the
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